Superconductors exclude magnetic fields due to the Meissner effect, but their response to external electric fields is different. While electric fields can penetrate superconductors, the current induced by these fields flows near the surface, preventing internal electric fields from existing. Gauss's law indicates that the electric field inside a superconductor is zero, but external fields can influence surface charge distributions. The interaction between electric fields and superconductors is complex and involves considerations of both electric and magnetic properties. Understanding these interactions is crucial for applications in superconducting technologies.
