How Does Coriolis Force Influence Particle Motion in Rotating Systems?

AI Thread Summary
The discussion centers on the application of Lagrangian mechanics to analyze particle motion in a rotating system, specifically addressing the influence of the Coriolis force. Participants debate the appropriateness of using Lagrangian methods versus Newton's second law in a rotating frame, with suggestions to focus on the x-coordinate for simplification. There is uncertainty about deriving potential energy functions relevant to the forces acting on the particle. Ultimately, it is concluded that using Newton's approach may be more straightforward, as the Lagrangian method leads back to similar equations of motion. The conversation highlights the complexities of coordinate systems and the relevance of force components in rotating frames.
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Source : JEE Advanced , Physics Sir JEE YT
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I tried to attempt it using Lagrangian , so according to the coordinate axes given in the diagram , the position of the particle is let's say ##(0,d,-z)##
Let ##r## be the distance between the particle and the axis of rotation such that it subtends an angle of ##\theta## from the y axis .
So , ##-z=d\tan\theta\implies -\dot{z}=d\sec^2\theta \dot{\theta}##
$$\mathcal{L}=\frac{1}{2}m\dot{z}^2=\frac{1}{2}md^2\sec^4\theta \dot{\theta}^2$$
Now , writing the euler-lagrange equation and simplifying gives : $$\ddot{\theta}=-2\tan\theta \dot{\theta}^2$$
I am not sure how to deal with this .
 
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I suggest that you use Newton's 2nd law in the frame of the rotating disk to derive the equation of motion for the particle. Setting up a Lagrangian would require introducing potential energy functions corresponding to the forces.

You are not choosing your x-y-z coordinate system as given in the problem. Note that it says "We assign x axis along the chord with origin at middle of the chord". The z axis is perpendicular to the disk. With this coordinate system, the y and z coordinates of the small block have trivial values. You only need to derive an equation of motion for the x coordinate.
 
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TSny said:
I suggest that you use Newton's 2nd law in the frame of the rotating disk to derive the equation of motion for the particle. Setting up a Lagrangian would require introducing potential energy functions corresponding to the forces.

You are not choosing your x-y-z coordinate system as given in the problem. Note that it says "We assign x axis along the chord with origin at middle of the chord". The z axis is perpendicular to the disk. With this coordinate system, the y and z coordinates of the small block have trivial values. You only need to derive an equation of motion for the x coordinate.
Actually , i already saw the solution using frame of rotating disk , so , i wanted to try it out with lagrangian (if it makes stuff more straightforward) . Also , about the potential energies , can we find them ? for instance if we consider the x axis as the reference for gravitational potential energy then it's value will be zero . So , i am not sure how potential energy for the other forces will be generated . I have attached the figure , but i think it will lead to the same equation as above . Do you think it's worth trying with lagrangian though?
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All motion takes place along the x-axis. Find an expression for the x-component of the net force acting on the particle as a function of ##x## (in the disk frame of reference): ##F^{net}_x (x)##.

Then, find a potential energy function ##V(x)## so that ##F^{net}_x (x) = -\dfrac {\partial V(x)}{\partial x}##. The Lagrangian will be ##L = T - V(x)##, where ##T## is the kinetic energy expressed as a function of ##\dot x##.

Of course, when you then set up the Euler-Lagrange equations, you will just get back ##m \ddot x = F^{net}_x (x)## which you could have written at the beginning. So, I don't see any advantage of the Lagrangian approach here.
 
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