Integration by parts is a technique that reverses the product rule of differentiation, allowing the integration of products of functions. The formula used is ∫u dv = uv - ∫v du, where u and dv are chosen from the integrand. In the example of integrating (2x Sin 3x) dx, u is set to 2x and dv to Sin(3x) dx, leading to the expression 2x (-1/3 Cos(3x)) - ∫(-1/3 Cos(3x))(2 dx). The integration process may require multiple applications of integration by parts or substitution until a solvable integral remains. The final answer for the integral is expressed as (2/9) Sin(3x) - (2/3)x Cos(3x) + C.