How Does the Symmetry of Sine Influence the Distribution of Y = sin(X)?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the distribution of Y = sin(X) where X is uniformly distributed over the interval [0, π]. The key point is the derivation of the cumulative distribution function F_Y(y), which includes the probabilities P(X ≤ arcsin(y)) and P(X ≥ π - arcsin(y)). This dual consideration arises from the symmetry of the sine function about π/2, necessitating the evaluation of two intervals for the same y value on the sine curve.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of uniform distributions, specifically U[0, π]
  • Knowledge of the sine function and its properties, including symmetry
  • Familiarity with cumulative distribution functions (CDF)
  • Basic calculus, particularly inverse functions like arcsin
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of the sine function and its symmetry in detail
  • Learn about cumulative distribution functions (CDF) and their applications in probability
  • Explore the concept of inverse trigonometric functions, focusing on arcsin
  • Investigate uniform distributions and their implications in statistical modeling
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Mathematicians, statisticians, and students studying probability theory or trigonometric functions, particularly those interested in the properties of distributions derived from non-monotonic functions.

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Suppose X ~ U[ 0, pi ]

What is the distribution of Y=sinX.

I have a solution in my notes however I don,t understand the following the second transition:
<br /> F_Y(y) = P(Y \leq y) = P(X \leq \arcsin(y)) + P(X \geq \pi - \arcsin(y)) = ...<br />

Where the P(X \geq \pi - \arcsin(y)) comes from?
 
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The sine function is not monotonic.

Y is smaller than y if either of the arguments on the RHS are fulfilled.
 
Since the sin function is symmetric about ∏/2, there are two possible ranges you need to consider for the same values(imagine drawing a straight horizontal line at any 'y' on the sin curve, there are two symmetric value intervals below it), from [0, arcsin(y)] and [∏ - arcsin(y), ∏] which can be reflected in the solution.
 

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