How hot does Gaseous H2O need to be to emit IR Photons?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the conditions required for gaseous H2O to emit infrared (IR) photons, specifically in the ten-micron wavelength range. Participants explore the temperature and pressure necessary for this emission, as well as the comparison of water vapor's IR radiation to that of a blackbody. The conversation also touches on the implications of these emissions in atmospheric science.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the temperature and pressure conditions required for H2O gas to emit photons in the ten-micron range.
  • Another participant suggests that the emission occurs at room temperature, but this claim is reiterated without further elaboration.
  • A participant mentions that the emission is related to black body radiation and references the peak frequency corresponding to temperature.
  • There is a question about the amount of IR light radiated by water vapor compared to a blackbody, with a suggestion that water vapor may not be a very good blackbody.
  • One participant suggests looking into the context of weather forecasting, noting the use of IR satellite photos of water vapor.
  • Another participant states that water vapor is fairly transparent to the ten-micron wavelength, contrasting it with liquid water, which absorbs this wavelength effectively.
  • This same participant explains that the ten-micron band contributes to terrestrial IR emissions and affects nighttime temperatures in cloudy conditions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the conditions for IR emission from H2O gas, with some suggesting room temperature suffices while others provide additional context regarding transparency and absorption characteristics. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific temperature and pressure requirements.

Contextual Notes

Participants do not reach consensus on the exact conditions for IR photon emission, and there are varying interpretations of water vapor's properties in relation to blackbody radiation.

Michael Thornton
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I've read that H2O has an absorption/emission band around to 10 micron range. What conditions are required for photons of this wavelength to be emitted by H20 gas? In particular, how hot would the gas have to be? What amount of pressure is required? Under everyday conditions (like steam possible to detect an appreciable amount of these photons?

Also, how would you determine this for any wavelength absorption/emission band?

Thanks for any and all responses!
 
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"Ten microns?" Room T.
 
Bystander said:
"Ten microns?" Room T.

Ten micrometers
 
Bystander knows what a micrometer is: he was answering your (main) question. To answer the follow-up question, it is a function of black body radiation (equations on its wiki page), with the peak frequency corresponding to the temperature:
BlackbodySpectrum_loglog_150dpi_en.png
 
Ok, I guess I'll need to be more specific.

How much IR light would be radiated compared to a blackbody? I'm under the impression that water vapor is not a very good blackbody, so I'm trying to understand that idea a little better.
 
I don't have specific answers, but I'd look into this in the context of weather forcasting: ir satellite photos of water vapor is one of our better tools for it.
 
Actually, water vapor is fairly transparent to the ten micron wavelength band. That is why that band forms one of the humid atmosphere's IR "windows". On the other hand, liquid water absorbs it quite nicely. This band is one of the major sources of terrestrial IR for clouds, and the reason cloudy nighttime skies are "warmer" than clear ones. They produce "back" radiation to the Earth's surface that is absent under clear skies. This radiation, in turn, comes in large part from the warming caused by the absorption of the ten micron band. This band is the peak wavelength in the surface IR emissivity.
 

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