Postdoctoral researchers often face varying levels of autonomy regarding grant writing and research direction, heavily influenced by their funding sources and institutional policies. Those with their own grants typically have more freedom to choose their research focus, while postdocs funded by a professor may need to align with existing projects and grant proposals. The ability to teach also varies; some postdocs can teach courses, while others are restricted from doing so, particularly if they are at certain institutions or in specific roles like national labs or industry positions. In fields like experimental physics, postdocs usually work on pre-secured funding, limiting their flexibility, whereas theoretical fields may offer more opportunities for independent grant submissions. Overall, the degree of autonomy in research and teaching during a postdoc varies widely based on individual circumstances and institutional guidelines.