Charge conservation in a closed loop circuit is governed by the charge conservation law, which is a consequence of Maxwell's Equations. In differential form, this law is expressed as the equation ∇·J = -∂ρ/∂t, indicating that the divergence of current density (J) is equal to the negative rate of change of charge density (ρ) over time. This relationship ensures that charge does not accumulate in a closed circuit, maintaining a constant flow of charge. The discussion emphasizes the fundamental principles of electromagnetism that underpin the behavior of electric circuits. Understanding this conservation principle is crucial for analyzing circuit dynamics.