Accurate extraction of fundamental frequency from speech signals requires specific preprocessing steps, including noise reduction and normalization. Selecting appropriate sampling and cutoff frequencies is crucial for optimal results, with discussions highlighting the balance between analog and digital preprocessing methods. The advantages of analog techniques include real-time processing, while digital methods offer flexibility and precision. Understanding the fundamental frequency is essential for effective speech recognition, which involves various processing techniques. Exploring the fundamentals of speech recognition can provide deeper insights into the necessary preprocessing for accurate frequency extraction.