How to calculate Battery run-time?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the run-time of a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) for a PC based on its energy consumption and battery capacity. Participants explore various aspects of energy consumption, including the importance of voltage, amp-hours, and power factor in determining accurate run-time estimates.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about calculating energy consumption and run-time, mentioning an assumption of 1500Ah capacity and 150W consumption without knowing the UPS voltage.
  • Another participant calculates the raw capacity of a 24V, 1500Ah battery to be 36kWh, suggesting a theoretical run-time of 240 hours, but notes that practical efficiency should reduce this estimate by at least 10%.
  • A participant questions the use of 230V AC for calculations, indicating that it leads to unrealistic run-time estimates and suggests that using voltage incorrectly inflates the expected hours.
  • One participant emphasizes the need to consider volt-amp-hours instead of amp-hours, providing an example with an APC 1500 that can run a 150W device for 88 minutes, highlighting the importance of efficiency losses.
  • Another participant warns about the distinction between Watts and Volt-Amps, noting that consumer battery backup devices are often rated in VAs, which can lead to significant discrepancies in expected run-time based on power factor variations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the correct approach to calculating UPS run-time, with multiple competing views on the importance of voltage, power factor, and the definitions of energy capacity. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best method for accurate calculation.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include assumptions about battery efficiency, the impact of power factor on actual run-time, and the potential for significant no-load losses in battery backup systems. These factors complicate the calculations and may lead to varying results.

Artahir
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I can't get my head around question about energy consumption, energy supply and run-time. I think I forgot (Im sure I forgot) something in my equation. I am trying to find a way to calculate for how long could UPS supply my PC I don't know why I can't find Amp-hours of UPC on it but let's assume it's 1500Ah and my PC consumption is 150W. I tried to do some digging first I found some explanations but none of them made sense to me I feel like it can't be so complicated. Or when I found easier equations it didn't make sense (the result). could anyone give me answer?
 
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What voltage is the battery in the UPS? If it is 24V, 1500Ah you have a raw capacity of 24⋅1500Wh=36kWh. Divide by 150W and you get 240h.

This is just a coarse calculation, assume at least 10% less going from theory to practice.
 
Svein said:
What voltage is the battery in the UPS? If it is 24V, 1500Ah you have a raw capacity of 24⋅1500Wh=36kWh. Divide by 150W and you get 240h.

This is just a coarse calculation, assume at least 10% less going from theory to practice.
Exactly this is my calculation which I tried based on my logical assumption. but I used Voltage 230 AC for my desk PC and it doesn't make sense because if you add Voltage it means more hours and with 230 Iam around 2k hours which is stupid right?
 
You need volt-amp-hours, not amp-hours. An APC 1500 (retail $400, so you know where that fits in their product line) stores 220 V-A-hours. (792 kJ in SI) That has the energy needed to run a 150 W device for 88 minutes: 720,000 kJ / 150 W = 5280s = 88 minutes. This is an absolute upper limit: you don't have perfect efficiency, and you can't get the last bit of charge out of the battery. APC claims 50 minutes for that load.
 
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Watch out for Watts versus Volt-Amps. Consumer Battery Backup devices are advertised in VAs not Watts. Usually the Power Factor is 0.6 but some of the off-brand ones use a Power factor as low as 0.4. So a 1500VA rating could be anywhere between 900W and 600W; that is the level that the overload shutdown is set for. Also, many modern computer power supplies have Power Factor Correction built-in to keep their power factor high, 0.8 to 0.95. That being the case, the actual runtime could be only 1/2 of the 'computed' runtime. And no-load losses of Battery Backup also seem to be significant but I haven't measured them.
 

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