# How to self study analysis. Part I: Intro analysis - Comments

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Borg
Gold Member
Thanks for this micromass. I've been meaning to post a question asking for exactly this.

Thanks for this micromass. I've been meaning to post a question asking for exactly this.
Feel free to PM me for any further information! Or post something in this thread.

Borg
Gold Member
Feel free to PM me for any further information! Or post something in this thread.
Thanks micromass. I have a large, related TODO list which is why I haven't gotten around to asking about the analytics yet. I think that it's going to be another six months before I'll have the time to start. This is where I plan to put it to work though - https://d3js.org/

WWGD
Gold Member
2019 Award
Thanks micromass. I have a large, related TODO list which is why I haven't gotten around to asking about the analytics yet. I think that it's going to be another six months before I'll have the time to start. This is where I plan to put it to work though - https://d3js.org/
I wonder if you are mixing data analytics with Mathematical Analysis? Hope I am not saying something dumb. And interesting that in Spanish, TODO, without spaces means everything. Hope your list does not include _everything_ and that your load is lighter than that :).

Borg
Gold Member
I wonder if you are mixing data analytics with Mathematical Analysis? Hope I am not saying something dumb. And interesting that in Spanish, TODO, without spaces means everything. Hope your list does not include _everything_ and that your load is lighter than that :).
Perhaps I am confusing them a bit but I still need to improve the mathematical side.

Thanks MM! Looking forward to the next in the series :)

WWGD
Gold Member
2019 Award
Perhaps I am confusing them a bit but I still need to improve the mathematical side.
So it is officially 5000 1 in confusions; you have already cleared up around 5000 of mine in the Computers forum to this one of yours ;).

Borg
Thank you again Micromass ! I'm not really sure how much time it will take me to complete your guides but I'll try to put as much efforts as needed. Very helpful!

Gold Member
Hi Micro! Thank you for the advice!

Where would you say functional analysis fits? I don't believe I am ready right now, but I'd like to know in what direction I should be going after completing single-variable analysis.

Hi Micro! Thank you for the advice!

Where would you say functional analysis fits? I don't believe I am ready right now, but I'd like to know in what direction I should be going after completing single-variable analysis.
I will post about functional analysis soon. But if you're comfortable with single-variable analysis (mainly continuity and epsilon-delta stuff) and very comfortable with linear algebra (the more the better, but definitely abstract vector spaces, linear maps, diagonalization, spectral theorem of symmetric matrices, dual spaces), then you can start functional analysis. A very very good book is Kreyszig's functional analysis book. Any other functional analysis book requires quite a bit more analysis including measure theory. But I would start with Kreyszig and move to a more advanced book later.

Gold Member
I will post about functional analysis soon. But if you're comfortable with single-variable analysis (mainly continuity and epsilon-delta stuff) and very comfortable with linear algebra (the more the better, but definitely abstract vector spaces, linear maps, diagonalization, spectral theorem of symmetric matrices, dual spaces), then you can start functional analysis. A very very good book is Kreyszig's functional analysis book. Any other functional analysis book requires quite a bit more analysis including measure theory. But I would start with Kreyszig and move to a more advanced book later.
Gotcha. I will definitely have to become more comfortable with linear algebra. The only thing I've done apart from a standard undergraduate course was in my digital signal processing course where we learned about Minkowski spaces. Our first HW assignment had me stumped on the following problem:

For vector space $l^p(\mathbb{Z})$, show for any $p \in [1,\infty)$ the vectors in $\mathbb{C(\mathbb{Z})}$ with finite $l^p(\mathbb{Z})$ norm form a vector space.

He had talked about Minkowski's inequality during the first lecture and I didn't even think to use it!

Thank you for responding and I will get to work right away. =)

Gotcha. I will definitely have to become more comfortable with linear algebra. The only thing I've done apart from a standard undergraduate was in my digital signal processing course where we learned about Minkowski spaces. Our first HW assignment had me stumped on the following problem:

For vector space $l^p(\mathbb{Z})$, show for any $p \in [1,\infty)$ the vectors in $\mathbb{C(\mathbb{Z})}$ with finite $l^p(\mathbb{Z})$ norm form a vector space.

He had talk about Minkowski's inequality during the first lecture and I didn't even think to use it!

Thank you for responding and I will get to work right away. =)
Yeah, those are standard first problems. The Minkowski inequality is proven in Kreyszig. Another book which isn't really functional analysis but contains a lot of relations with the subject is Carothers real analysis book. It's very well written.

Thank you for your post, very helpful, looking forward to the next part, but I wish that there was more elaboration on why one should study real analysis, and the importance of real analysis on later courses of mathematics, also more elaboration on the struggle of self learner and how to overcome them, with examples from your experience, since you have studied many courses by your self.
I have some questions for you,
1) What are the most important theorems that one must remember and master in analysis, I mean which theorems will be used the most in later courses like functional analysis or differential geometry?
2) I am currently self studying analysis using two different books, Intro to RA by Bartle and Sherbert 3rd ed. and Understanding Analysis by Abbot, how do you see these books, and do you recommend me to solve all the problems in these books? if not, which problems shall I do ?

Thank you again dear Micromass for your very helpful contributions to the forums.

1) What are the most important theorems that one must remember and master in analysis, I mean which theorems will be used the most in later courses like functional analysis or differential geometry?
Everything. I'm sorry, but that's the way it is. Single variable calculus is so immensely important, every theorem you encounter is something you should deeply understand and know. I can't say anything is less important than something else, because that would be wrong.
Most important are the techniques though. Making an epsilon-delta proof. Proving a sequence exist and converges. Proving a continuous function with one positive value has an entire open interval of positive values. Etc. Stuff like that are stuff you are expected to do very well. That you forgot a theorem is not so bad, you can always look it back up. But you should be able to handle these techniques cold.

2) I am currently self studying analysis using two different books, Intro to RA by Bartle and Sherbert 3rd ed. and Understanding Analysis by Abbot, how do you see these books, and do you recommend me to solve all the problems in these books? if not, which problems shall I do ?
Yes, you should solve all problems. Real analysis is so fundamentally important to later courses that you should take all the practice you can get. Like I said, the techniques are most important, and you only learn them by doing problems. Bartle is a really nice book and Abbott is cool too. I enjoy all of Bartle's books very much. You won't got wrong with them.

Don't take this intro analysis lightly. I know for most people this isn't really fun. It's just all calculus, but with annoying proofs. But spend as much time as you need on this stage. Don't rush it. You don't want a bad foundation in this kind of analysis! Every kind of analysis (functional analysis, complex analysis, global analysis) depends on knowing this very very well.

For multivariable calculus, things change though. The differentiation part is very important: partial and complete derivatives, implicit and inverse function theorems, etc. The integration part is far less important since Lebesgue integrals generalize it much more neatly. In the end, you'll use the Lebesgue integral everywhere and you will never care about the Riemann integral anymore. Differential forms on the other hand, are crucial, even though they are very underappreciated in the undergrad curriculum (which I think is a really awful mistake).

Nice information thanks for sharing

dang it, I have signed myself up for a self study on analysis. I just got drawn into slowly but surely by reading the insights and looking at the recommended texts.

I need to get material on the language and use of sets, for some reason sets were a big thing in high school but by the time I got into first year high school they had been discarded as a thing to teach students.

any theories why educators felt sets were so important I think until the 70's then fell off the face of the high school curriculum by the late 70's/early 80's.

so ya, I am not familiar with the language and from my scan of the insight, analysis is mainly written in the language of sets??

dang it, I have signed myself up for a self study on analysis. I just got drawn into slowly but surely by reading the insights and looking at the recommended texts.

I need to get material on the language and use of sets, for some reason sets were a big thing in high school but by the time I got into first year high school they had been discarded as a thing to teach students.

any theories why educators felt sets were so important I think until the 70's then fell off the face of the high school curriculum by the late 70's/early 80's.

so ya, I am not familiar with the language and from my scan of the insight, analysis is mainly written in the language of sets??
Yes, I'm afraid the notions of sets are absolutely crucial to everything mathematical. I recommend Velleman's "how to prove it" to get acquainted with sets. Although any proof book will contain enough material on it.

Hello micromass and thank your for this great Insights!
I have some familiarity with Real Analysis from Abbott but the problems were a bit tough for me at the time. I'm going through Tao's Analysis books with a friend of mine right now and he's giving me additional exercises since he already covered the subject.
My question is: I'm currently self-learning Algebra (with Artin and Pinter) and Analysis, do you think I have the proper prerequisites to start learning General Topology? I have the whole summer to work on mathematics considering I'll start university (as a math major this time) in September. It is not exactly my first encounter with topology, but I never covered compactness or connectedness for instance. I have some familiarity with metric spaces.
What book would you recommend considering my main interest lies in differential geometry and mathematical physics? Most differential topology books I know assume a course in point-set topology.
Thanks for taking your time to help me!

In your case, it seems that Lee's "Introduction to topological manifolds is ideal". Here's why

1) The prerequisites needed are a good experience with set theory proofs and metric spaces. You seem to have this, so you meet all the prereqs. I do advise going through the appendix first.
2) Despite it saying "graduate texts in mathematics", this is actually one of the more intuitive and easier texts on the subject. I personally think it's perfect for a first encounter. You might want to go through another book later though, since it doesn't cover everything you need to know.
3) It is especially made for somebody interested in differential geometry and it focuses a lot on manifolds.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/1441979395/?tag=pfamazon01-20&tag=pfamazon01-20

Feel free to PM me if you want more help.

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Thanks for your help! I initially thought Lee's book already required point-set topology but that was Introduction to differentiable manifolds. I'll take a look at this book in the university library and I'll be sure to PM you if I need more information. Thanks again!

Another book which is excellent for learning general topology is Gamelin and Greene's Introduction to Topology 2e. It has excellent exercises, is slim with few wasted words, and at the same time manages to not skimp on needed explanation at some of the common sticking points in learning topology. It would be a good companion to Lee's books on manifolds.

Also, Klaus Jänich's Topology is an excellent supplement to any path of learning topology. Jänich doesn't have a full complement of exercises, and doesn't always have the precise pedagogy other texts have. However, the book is full of excellent intuitive explanations and diagrams.

Learning topology well will help a lot with your later explorations of analysis, as well. Even many proofs in basic real analysis are more elegant and easier to understand when phrased in topological terms rather than in epsilon-delta form.

Thanks for taking your time to write a reply, I appreciate that! I already knew of Jänich's great text but not of Gamelin and Greene's book. I'll be sure to check out this one too.

wrobel
is there at least one more or less famous mathematician in 20 century who had self- studied analysis sitting at his home and did not graduate university?

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What got me into analysis started with the concept of "sigma algebras". Once I grokked that, it was all clear sailing.