How would the electrons flow in this case?

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    Electrons Flow
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the theoretical behavior of electrons in a strong magnetic field created by a spherical magnet, particularly when a surrounding toroid of metal is spun rapidly. Participants explore the implications of this setup on electron movement, especially in a vacuum, and the potential for electrons to leave the metal and follow magnetic field lines.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes a scenario involving a strong spherical magnet with poles along the Z axis and a toroid of metal spinning around it, questioning how electrons would behave under these conditions.
  • The same participant speculates that if both the magnetic field and the spinning were extremely strong, electrons might leave the metal and follow the magnetic field lines, assuming the environment is a vacuum.
  • There is an expression of confusion regarding the theoretical implications of this setup, indicating a need for clarification on the behavior of electrons in such a magnetic field.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion does not present a consensus, as participants are exploring theoretical possibilities and expressing uncertainty about the behavior of electrons in the described scenario.

Contextual Notes

Participants have not specified the assumptions underlying their claims, nor have they detailed the mathematical or physical principles that would govern the behavior of electrons in this context.

Abdul.119
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Say you have a strong spherical magnet where the poles are along the Z axis, and this magnet is surrounded by a toroid of metal at the equator, if you spin this toroid very rapidly around the sphere in the θ direction (along the blue arrow, i.e it goes around the Z axis), how would the electrons be affected? theoretically speaking, if the magnetic field and the spinning were very very strong, would the electrons from the metal leave the metal and follow the field lines? (assuming it's in a vacuum) I'm very confused about this so please help me understand
250px-Toroidal_coord.png
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
mg50D.png
 
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Spherical magnets have complicated fields.
Assuming the metal is not ferromagnetic (that would make things complicated), the field lines would roughly follow the surface of the torus. You would get a potential difference between the interior and the exterior. To allow electrons to leave the metal, you would need really strong fields or really fast rotations. The electrons would not follow the field lines, I would expect them to fly off to infinity, but it might depend on details of the geometry.
 
mfb said:
Spherical magnets have complicated fields.
Assuming the metal is not ferromagnetic (that would make things complicated), the field lines would roughly follow the surface of the torus. You would get a potential difference between the interior and the exterior. To allow electrons to leave the metal, you would need really strong fields or really fast rotations. The electrons would not follow the field lines, I would expect them to fly off to infinity, but it might depend on details of the geometry.

Googling field lines of a sphere I keep getting images of this
http://web.mit.edu/6.013_book/www/chapter8/ch8-853.gif
What does this represent then? it looks fairly straightforward to me
 
That picture represents a Cross-section of a conductor at the moments of induction.

I do think you may need to read up a little more on induction, etc.
Read this and it will build the frameworks for induction in linear conductors, then continue on to learn about spherical/toroidal inductors.http://www.electrical4u.com/lenz-law-of-electromagnetic-induction/
 
zazelagiel said:
That picture represents a Cross-section of a conductor at the moments of induction.

I do think you may need to read up a little more on induction, etc.
Read this and it will build the frameworks for induction in linear conductors, then continue on to learn about spherical/toroidal inductors.http://www.electrical4u.com/lenz-law-of-electromagnetic-induction/

Oh I see, I thought the field lines of a sphere magnet would be the same.

Ok let's say the field we have is due to induction, then doing the same thing (spinning a toroid around it) how would the charges on the toroid be affected? also at an extremely high speed and very strong magnetic field, would the electrons fling out from the toroid?
 
What I wrote in post 2 does not depend much on details of the field. A bar magnet of similar size would produce the same result.
 
mfb said:
What I wrote in post 2 does not depend much on details of the field. A bar magnet of similar size would produce the same result.

Ok I'm asking that question because I'm trying to understand black hole jets, Kip Thorne explains it very simply here in page 105:

http://www.helli.ir/portal/sites/default/files/kip_thorne_christopher_nolan-the_science_of_interstellar-norton_w._w._company_inc._2014.pdf

Of course there are many other models, but I'm using his interpretation and trying to figure out what equation describes such magnetic field, and how the black hole and its accretion disk work together to eject the material from the disk. Do you know what kind of equations might be involved? I would appreciate any insight
 
There are no solid metal rings orbiting a black hole, and you cannot neglect gravity there.
See the relevant publications for formulas.
 
Electrons need to have energy exceeding the work function of the metal to leave the metal. For sufficiently extreme spinning and/or field, you should probably treat the metal as a plasma. The motional Stark effect can cause the metal to ionize. Then you have something like a dipole magnetic confinement device.