To study applied mathematics independently, a solid understanding of calculus is essential, particularly differentiation, integration, series, sequences, and multivariable calculus. For someone in 11th grade with some calculus knowledge, starting with Keisler's calculus book is recommended, as it provides a unique perspective on calculus through both standard and nonstandard approaches, emphasizing the use of infinitesimals. This method is historically significant, offers intuitive understanding, and facilitates rigorous proofs. If the concept of infinitesimals is uncomfortable, Lang's "First Course in Calculus" is a suitable alternative, although it may be brief on limits and continuity.