In an ideal insulator electrons can not pass the large gap by thermal energy and so there is no electron excitation. How does an insulator show this effect?DrClaude said:At equilibrium, the thermal energy is spread out into all degrees of freedom that are not "frozen" (i.e., for which there is enough energy to lead to a significant population of the excited states). For high enough T, that includes electronics degrees of freedom.
Incandescence is the emission of light from a heated object, usually due to its high temperature. This phenomenon occurs when the object's temperature is high enough to cause its atoms to vibrate and emit photons, which make up the visible light spectrum.
Electronic excitation is the process of an electron in an atom or molecule absorbing energy, typically through collisions with other particles or exposure to electromagnetic radiation. This causes the electron to move to a higher energy level, resulting in a temporary imbalance in the atom or molecule's electronic structure.
Incandescence and electronic excitation are both processes that involve the emission of light. In incandescence, the light emission is due to the high temperature of the object, while in electronic excitation, it is due to the absorption of energy by an electron. However, in both cases, the emission of light occurs due to changes in the energy levels of atoms or molecules.
Examples of incandescent objects include light bulbs, candles, and stars. These objects emit visible light due to their high temperatures, which cause them to glow. Other examples include lava, heated metals, and fire.
Scientists study incandescence and electronic excitation through various experimental techniques such as spectroscopy, which allows them to analyze the emission of light from a heated object or an excited electron. They also use theoretical models and simulations to understand the underlying mechanisms and properties of these processes.