Insulating Spheres in Electric Fields

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SUMMARY

The discussion revolves around calculating the velocities of two insulating spheres with charges -q1 and -q2, radii r1 and r2, and masses m1 and m2, as they collide after being released from rest at a distance d. The user initially attempted to apply conservation of energy and momentum, deriving the potential energy change using an integral approach. However, the correct method involves directly calculating the difference in potential energy without integration, treating the spheres as point charges. The final velocity equations for the spheres are derived from this corrected approach.

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  • Familiarity with conservation of momentum principles
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  • Basic concepts of point charges in electrostatics
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Hi, I'd like to ask the good people of this forum for some help.
Here's a problem I've been working on for a while, and I'm seriously at my wit's end. I guess there's something I'm missing here...


Homework Statement


Two insulating spheres have radii r1 and r2, masses m1 and m2, and uniformly distributed charges -q1 and q2. They are released from rest when their centers are separated by a distance d. How fast is each moving when they collide? Suggestion: Consider conservation of energy and of linear momentum.

Homework Equations


I thought these were relevant:
Momentum=mv
Kinetic energy = 1/2(mv^2)
\DeltaU = -q\intE dr

The Attempt at a Solution


First I solved for the potential energy that this system gains when the two spheres are moved apart:
\DeltaU = q1\int^{d}_{d-r1-r2}E dr = k(q1)(q2)(\frac{1}{d-r1-r2} - 1/d)

I figured this is the amount of energy the spheres would have when they collide, so...
\DeltaU = \frac{1}{2}(m1)v^{2}_{1} + \frac{1}{2}(m2)v^{2}_{2}

From conservation of momentum, v2 = (m1/m2)v1 so subbing that into the above equation I got:
\DeltaU = \frac{1}{2}m1v^{2}_{1} + \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^{2}_{1}}{m_{2}}v^{2}_{1}

So then I solved for v1 to get:

v1 = \sqrt{\frac{2kq_{1}q_{2}((1/(d-r1-r2)-(1/d))}{m_{1}+\frac{m^{2}_{1}}{m_{2}}}}

And v2 can be figured out the same way. However, I know for a fact this isn't the right answer.


In closing
I'm don't really know what I did wrong, but I suspect it's because I treated the two spheres as point charges, and I'm not sure if I'm justified in doing that.
 
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They move from a distance d to a distance r1+r2.
What is d-r1-r2?
Look at your potential energy again. You don't need any integral. Just take the difference between the final energy and initial energy. I would treat them as point charges.
 
Yup lol, that would do it. Thanks a lot for your help Nasu! :biggrin:
 

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