Integrate [cosec(30°+x)-cosec(60°+x)] dx in terms of tan x

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around integrating the expression [cosec(30°+x)-cosec(60°+x)] dx, with a focus on expressing the result in terms of tan x. The subject area is calculus, specifically integral calculus involving trigonometric functions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore various transformations and substitutions in the integral, with one participant attempting to derive the integral using known results for cosecant functions. Questions arise regarding the differentiation of the integral results to verify correctness.

Discussion Status

The discussion includes attempts to manipulate the integral and verify results through differentiation. Some participants express uncertainty about reaching the correct answer from the derived integral, while others suggest checking established integral forms for cosecant functions.

Contextual Notes

There is an ongoing exploration of the relationship between the derived integral and the expected result, with participants questioning the assumptions and transformations used in their approaches.

Aurelius120
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Homework Statement
Evaluate the integral:
$$\int\frac{\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt 3}\right)(\cos x-\sin x)}{1+\frac{2}{\sqrt 3}(\sin 2x)}dx$$
Relevant Equations
$$\sin C+\sin D=2\sin\left(\frac{C+D}{2}\right)\cos \left(\frac{C-D}{2}\right)$$
$$\int \csc(x) dx=\ln(\csc(x)-\cot(x))$$
20240203_023535.jpg

I proceeded as follows
$$\int\frac{2(\sqrt3-1)(cosx-sinx)}{2(\sqrt3+2sin2x)}dx$$
$$\int\frac{(cos(\pi/6)-sin(\pi/6))(cosx-sinx)}{(sin(\pi/3)+sin2x)}dx$$
$$\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{cos(\pi/6-x)-sin(\pi/6+x)}{sin(\pi/6+x)cos(\pi/6-x)}dx$$
$$\frac{1}{2}\int cosec(\pi/6+x)-sec(\pi/6-x)dx$$
Which leads to the integral in the question:

$$\frac{1}{2}\int\left[\csc\left(\frac{\pi}{6}+x\right)-\csc\left(\frac{\pi}{3}+x\right)\right]dx$$
Now the correct answer is:$$\frac{1}{2}\log\left|\frac{tan(\pi/12+x/2)}{tan(\pi/6+x/2)}\right|$$
20240203_025340.jpg

How to reach the correct answer from the obtained integral?
 
Last edited:
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From your effort it seems that
\int csc (x+\alpha)dx =\log |\tan(\frac{x+\alpha}{2})|+C
or by transformation of integral variable
\int csc\ x dx =\log |\tan(\frac{x}{2})|+C
Have you investigated it by differentiating the both sides?
 
Last edited:
anuttarasammyak said:
From your effort it seems that
\int csc (x+\alpha)dx =\log |\tan(\frac{x+\alpha}{2})|+C
or by transformation of integral variable
\int csc\ x dx =\log |\tan(\frac{x}{2})|+C
Have you investigated it by differentiating the both sides?
Yes I tried by I cannot reach why

Aurelius120 said:
$$\frac{1}{2}\int\left[\csc\left(\frac{\pi}{6}+x\right)-\csc\left(\frac{\pi}{3}+x\right)\right]dx$$
$$=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left[\frac{\csc(\pi/6+x)-cot(\pi/6+x)}{\csc(\pi/3+x)-\cot(\pi/3+x)}\right]+C$$ is equal to the given answer
 
With a=x/2,\frac{1}{\sin x}-\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}=\frac{1- \cos 2a}{\sin 2a}=\frac{1-\cos^2 a+\sin^2 a}{2\sin a \cos a}=\tan a
 
Last edited:
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