Integrating x√(1+x²) Without Trig Functions

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SUMMARY

The integral of x√(1+x²)dx can be effectively solved using substitution rather than integration by parts. The appropriate substitution is u² = 1 + x², leading to du = 2xdx. This transforms the integral into a simpler form, resulting in the final answer of (1+x²)^(3/2)/2. The discussion emphasizes the efficiency of substitution over integration by parts for this particular integral.

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rwinston
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Hi

I am trying to integrate

x \sqrt{1+x^2}dx

by parts...but it seems to involve trigonometric functions - is it possible to solve this integral without using trig functions?


Thx
 
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Why are you trying to use integration by parts? This is a very simple integral if you use an appropriate substitution.
 
The simple substitution is u2=1+x2.
 
Mathman's solution is the easiest, but you probably could do it by parts.
 
mathman said:
The simple substitution is u2=1+x2.
Might confuse him/her.

Just let u = radican.

u=1+x^2
 
Hmm. Ok if u = 1 + x^2

du = 2x dx

\int x \sqrt{1+x^2}dx = \frac{1}{2}\int \sqrt{1+x^2}2xdx

=\frac{1}{2} \int\sqrt{u}du

=\frac{1}{3} (1+x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}

But if I take u^2=1+x^2

u = \sqrt{1+x^2}

du = \frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}dx

\int{x\sqrt{1+x^2}dx} = \sqrt{1+x^2}\int{\sqrt{1+x^2}\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}dx}

=\sqrt{1+x^2}\int{u du}

=\sqrt{1+x^2} \frac{{\sqrt{1+x^2}}^2}{2}

=\frac{(1+x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{2}

I must be making a mistake somwhere...
 
rwinston said:
Hmm. Ok if u = 1 + x^2

du = 2x dx

\int x \sqrt{1+x^2}dx = \frac{1}{2}\int \sqrt{1+x^2}2xdx

=\frac{1}{2} \int\sqrt{u}du

=\frac{1}{3} (1+x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}

But if I take u^2=1+x^2

u = \sqrt{1+x^2}

du = \frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}dx

\int{x\sqrt{1+x^2}dx} = \sqrt{1+x^2}\int{\sqrt{1+x^2}\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}dx}

=\sqrt{1+x^2}\int{u du}

=\sqrt{1+x^2} \frac{{\sqrt{1+x^2}}^2}{2}

=\frac{(1+x^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{2}

I must be making a mistake somwhere...
No, he meant to use u^2

So ...

u^2=1+x^2 \rightarrow udu=xdx

And remember that you can only pull out constants:

c\int f(x)dx
 
wow, substitutions are so much mess. Try this way:

x.sqrt(1+x^2)

think about sqrt(1+x^2)
it has integral
(1+x^2)^3/2 --- [ref 1]

it has derivative 3x (1+x^2)^0.5

But, in original thing we only have x.sqrt(1+x^2)

so, you need 1/3 with [ref 1]
 

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