A double ionic bond, such as in magnesium oxide (MgO), is significantly stronger than a single ionic bond found in sodium chloride (NaCl) due to the increased ionic charge, which nearly quadruples the bond energy. The strength of ionic bonds is primarily determined by Coulombic forces, which can be calculated using the equation F = k(q1q2/r^2). It is not possible to create a double bond from singly charged ions like Na+ and Cl- in a laboratory setting, as they cannot be further ionized under normal conditions. When considering reactions between Cl2 and Na-, the outcome would typically involve Cl atoms stealing electrons from Na, leading to the formation of NaCl rather than a structure similar to MgCl2. The existence of compounds like sodium dichloride suggests that the bonding can vary, but they are generally treated as Na+ combined with two Cl- ions.
