Jonathan Scott
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zoobyshoe said:"Ratione" is the ablative of ratio. Ratio = "Reckoning, account, reason, judgement, consideration, system, manner, method" The ablative has manifold functions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablative_(Latin)
and I can't definitively sort out why it's used here, but the following prepositions take the ablative case:
None of these mean "by".
- ab, a -from
- coram -in the presence of, before
- cum -with
- de -down from, from
- ex, e -out of, from
- in -in
- intus -within
- palam -openly in the presence of
- prae -in front of, before
- pro -before
- procul -far from
- simul together with, simultaneously with
- sine -without
- sub -under
You don't need a preposition. If I remember correctly (it was only about 47 years ago) at school we were taught that the ablative on its own usually means "by, with or from".