Is the Expression Involving Inverse Squares of Differences a Square?

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    2016
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The expression $\dfrac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\dfrac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\dfrac{1}{(c-a)^2}$, where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are distinct real numbers, is proven to be a perfect square. The solution provided by kaliprasad demonstrates the necessary algebraic manipulations and properties of squares to arrive at this conclusion. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding the behavior of rational functions and their limits in relation to square values.

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Here is this week's POTW:

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Given that $a,\,b$ and $c$ are different real numbers.

Prove that the expression $\dfrac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\dfrac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\dfrac{1}{(c-a)^2}$ is a square.

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Congratulations to kaliprasad for his correct solution::)

Solution from kaliprasad:
If $x+y + z = 0\cdots(1)$
then $x+y=-z$ or $x^2+y^2+2xy = z^2\cdots(2)$
$\dfrac{1}{x^2} + \dfrac{1}{y^2} + \dfrac{1}{z^2}$
= $\dfrac{y^2z^2+x^2z^2+x^2y^2}{(xyz)^2}$
= $\dfrac{z^2(y^2+x^2)+x^2y^2}{(xyz)^2}$
= $\dfrac{(x^2+y^2+2xy)(x^2+y^2)+x^2y^2}{(xyz)^2}$ from (2)
= $\dfrac{((x^2+y^2+xy)+xy)((x^2+y^2+xy)-xy)+x^2y^2}{(xyz)^2}$
= $\dfrac{(x^2+y^2+xy)^2 - x^2y^2 +x^2y^2}{(xyz)^2}$
= $\dfrac{(x^2+y^2+xy)^2}{(xyz)^2}$
= $(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+xy}{xyz})^2$

Now if we use $x= a-b,\,y = b-c,\,z = c-a$, we see that they satisfy the condition in (1).

Hence the given expression $\frac{1}{(a-b)^2} + \frac{1}{(b-c)^2} + \frac{1}{(c-a)^2}$ is a square.

Alternate Solution:
Note that the sum of the three positive reals as in our intended expression resulted in another non-negative real but we have the property that says every non-negative real number is a square.

We therefore have proved $\dfrac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\dfrac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\dfrac{1}{(c-a)^2}$ is a square.
 

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