Is the speed of light measurement dependent on local clocks?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the measurement of the speed of light and whether it is influenced by the tick rates of different clocks in varying gravitational potentials. Participants explore the implications of gravitational time dilation on light speed measurements, considering both local and coordinate time perspectives.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions if the speed of light measurement is dependent on the tick rate of different clocks, presenting a scenario with two clocks at different gravitational potentials measuring different times for light travel.
  • Another participant asserts that light only travels at speed c locally, emphasizing that any measurement of light speed must be made with an apparatus moving with the observer, which will always yield c.
  • A follow-up comment reiterates that while observers at different altitudes might perceive different speeds of light due to time dilation effects, the local measurement remains c.
  • One participant expresses confusion regarding the implications of different clock rates on light speed measurements, referencing a source that suggests observers in different gravitational fields measure different values for the speed of light, challenging the universality of c.
  • Another participant clarifies that while measurements may appear different from various perspectives, the apparatus measuring light will always record c, regardless of the observer's position.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of gravitational time dilation on the measurement of light speed. While some argue that local measurements are always c, others suggest that gravitational effects can lead to different perceived values, indicating an unresolved debate.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about the nature of time dilation and the definition of local versus coordinate measurements. The discussion does not resolve how these factors definitively affect the measurement of light speed.

kmarinas86
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Is the speed of light measurement dependent on the tick rate of different clocks?

Hello I want to ask the following questions:

If Clock A is undergoing only a natural gravitational time dilation, and possesses 0 rate of change in time dilation, and if it is measuring seconds at a different rate than Clock B, which for our purposes is a clock at higher gravitational potential where the seconds are different - what if:

Clock A was used in a measurement of the speed of light, and the value for this clock reads 1 second within which light traveled 299,792,458 meters. However, Clock B, which we will assume to have 0 relative velocity with Clock A, being in a higher gravitational potential, reads 1.000001 seconds passed.

If you take the "distance traveled by light / the time passed for Clock A", you will get a different value than "distance traveled by light / the time passed for Clock B".

Of course, you could take the reverse, where you have, say, 1 second passing for Clock B and .99999 seconds for Clock A

Am I getting this right?
 
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Light only travels at c locally. The only speed of light you can directly measure is the speed of light moving through an apparatus moving with you, and that speed will always be c.

On the other hand, if an observer at high altitude watches some experiment operate at lower altitude, she might conclude that the speed of light "down there" is slower than the speed of light "up here." However, to an observer "down there," the speed of light is still c, and that's really the only meaningful measurement.

- Warren
 
chroot said:
Light only travels at c locally. The only speed of light you can directly measure is the speed of light moving through an apparatus moving with you, and that speed will always be c.

On the other hand, if an observer at high altitude watches some experiment operate at lower altitude, she might conclude that the speed of light "down there" is slower than the speed of light "up here." However, to an observer "down there," the speed of light is still c, and that's really the only meaningful measurement.

- Warren

So the measurement by Clock B (the clock outside) wouldn't be meaningful then? It is only meaningful to measure the speed of light with respect to proper time? When (if at any time) is it meaningful to measure the speed of light with respect to coordinate time?
 
Well, I guess I shouldn't say such measurements are not meaningful -- I just mean that no apparatus will ever measure the speed of light as anything but c.

You can't really measure the speed of light "down there" without putting an apparatus "down there." In doing so, that apparatus will always measure c. You could claim that the speed of light is slower "down there," because the apparatus's entire operation appears time-dilated to you, but someone comoving with the apparatus would disagree. So, we simply say the speed of light is always locally c.

Perhaps I'm not directly answering your questions; if so, I apologize.

- Warren
 
I take it the above is the correct answer, but I am a little puzzled by what I just read, Leo Sartori, "Understanding Relativity," p263,

As Einstein pointed out, the difference in clock rates has another important implication: observers at two different points in a gravitational field measure different values for the speed of light. When gravity is taken into account, c is no longer a universal constant. It follows that special relativity is strictly valid only in the absence of gravity.

This seems to say, it is not just a question of "down there," but even in the same inertial system, a change in gravity as light signals are exchanged could affect the measurement of c.
 
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