The discussion centers on the philosophical approach to scientific extrapolation, particularly its significance in clinical research and basic science. It highlights how both fields depend on extrapolating from surrogate models, resulting in composite explanatory accounts derived from diverse experimental setups. This reliance on extrapolation introduces challenges, particularly regarding the lack of mechanistic knowledge in early research stages and the numerous extrapolations that inform these accounts. A recommended resource for further exploration of this topic is "Across the Boundaries: Extrapolation in Biology" by Daniel Steel, which provides insights into the philosophical analysis of scientific extrapolation.