Is there microscopic version of general Ohm's law of V=IZ?

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SUMMARY

The microscopic version of Ohm's law is expressed as J = σE, where J is the current density, σ is the conductivity, and E is the electric field. This formulation is derived from the resistive Ohm's law V = IR, with V represented as El, where l is the resistive load length. The discussion raises the question of whether a microscopic version of the generalized Ohm's law V = IZ, where Z is impedance, exists. It suggests that while J = σE applies to resistive loads and direct current (DC), the relationship for impedance, which includes both resistive and reactive components, requires further exploration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Ohm's Law (V = IR)
  • Familiarity with electric fields and current density
  • Knowledge of impedance and its components (resistive and reactive)
  • Basic principles of the Drude model of electrical conduction
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the Drude model of electrical conduction
  • Explore the relationship between impedance and its components in AC circuits
  • Study the derivation of J = σE in various materials
  • Investigate the application of Ohm's law in non-ohmic materials
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, electrical engineers, and students studying electromagnetism and circuit theory will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in the microscopic foundations of electrical laws.

goodphy
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Hello.

Resistive Ohm's law is famously known as V = IR. We can derive its microscopic version as being followed.

V = El, where E and l are, respectively, an electric field and a resistive load length over which a voltage drop V is developed.

I = JS, J and S are a current density and a cross-sectional area of the load (uniform cross-section is assumed).

Substituting these expressions into the Ohm's law gives El = JSR → J = σE where σ = l/(SR) or R = l/(σS).

It is very obvious that J = σE is the microscopic version of the Ohm's law of V = IR. It looks that J = σE is only true for resistive load and DC.

I would like to know if there is any microscopic version of generalized Ohm's law of V = IZ where Z is an impedance.


Could we find this?
 
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An impedance is a complex number that includes resistive and reactive components.

If the impedance was a series connection of RLC, then how could you map a length onto the impedance in the same way that you can with a linear potentiometer ?
 
goodphy said:
It is very obvious that J = σE is the microscopic version of the Ohm's law of V = IR. ...
Just in case other readers would like to see how this applies to "ohmic" materials:
[PLAIN said:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/]When[/PLAIN] a microscopic view of Ohm's law is taken, it is found to depend upon the fact that the drift velocity of charges through the material is proportional to the electric field in the conductor.
 
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