Is Torque Minimum When Force is Parallel to the Radius Vector?

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Torque is minimized when the force is parallel to the radius vector, resulting in zero torque. This is confirmed by the definition of torque as T = r x F, where the cross product indicates that torque is greatest when the force is applied perpendicular to the radius. An example provided is a seesaw, where maximum torque occurs with a perpendicular force. Therefore, the statement is true. Understanding the relationship between force direction and torque is crucial in physics.
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Homework Statement



Torque is a minimum when the direction of a force is parallel to the radius vector.
True or False

Homework Equations



None

The Attempt at a Solution


I say true because my book gave an example of a seesaw, where if you push down perpendicular to the radius, the torque will be the largest. Would you guys agree?
 
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Yes that is true, when the force is parallel to the radius vector, the torque is zero by way of the definition of torque T=r x F where x means the cross product.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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