Length and time for a given metric

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on understanding the concepts of physical length, time, and simultaneity within the context of General Relativity (GR). The user expresses confusion regarding Landau's treatment of proper time, specifically the expression \(\sqrt{g_{00}} dx^0\) and its implications in the Special Relativity (SR) limit. The discussion highlights the derivation of distance in GR using the equation \(\gamma_{ij} dx^i dx^j = \left( -g_{ij} + \frac{ g_{0i} g_{oj} }{g_{00}} \right) dx^i dx^j\), emphasizing the need for clarity on the origins and meanings of these expressions. For a deeper understanding, the user recommends chapter 9 of the book available on Amazon.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of General Relativity (GR) principles
  • Familiarity with Special Relativity (SR) concepts
  • Knowledge of tensor notation and indices
  • Basic grasp of differential geometry
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of proper time in General Relativity
  • Explore the implications of the metric tensor in GR
  • Learn about the physical interpretation of spacetime intervals
  • Read chapter 9 of "The Classical Theory of Fields" by Landau and Lifshitz for advanced insights
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Students and researchers in physics, particularly those studying General Relativity and its implications on measurements of time and length. This discussion is beneficial for anyone seeking to clarify complex concepts in theoretical physics.

wandering.the.cosmos
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I'm looking for recommendations for a good place that discusses at a basic level what physical length, time, simultaneity, etc. mean, for an arbitrary metric.

Landau does discuss this a bit, but in a way that confuses me -- for example he calls

\sqrt{g_{00}} dx^0

"proper time", but in the SR limit this would just become dt, which isn't proper time, is it? Landau goes on to use this to derive distance in GR

\gamma_{ij} dx^i dx^j = \left( -g_{ij} + \frac{ g_{0i} g_{oj} }{g_{00}} \right) dx^i dx^j

where my indices are spatial -- they run only from 1 to 3.

I'd like to understand where these expressions come from, and more importantly gain a good understanding of what length and time mean.
 
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