Lens Calculations using Refractive Index

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the angle relationships in lens calculations using Snell's law and the sagitta theorem. Participants emphasize the importance of correctly relating angles θ1, θ2, and θ3, noting that the incorrect assertion that sin(θ3) = sin(θ2) - sin(θ1) leads to erroneous numerical answers. A suggestion is made to consolidate calculations into a single formula for Δ in terms of h, r, and d, and to utilize spreadsheet software for improved accuracy and troubleshooting. The sagitta theorem is highlighted as a critical concept for understanding these relationships.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Snell's law in optics
  • Familiarity with the sagitta theorem in lens/mirror geometry
  • Basic knowledge of trigonometric functions and their relationships
  • Proficiency in using spreadsheet software for calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Learn how to apply Snell's law to derive angle relationships in lens systems
  • Study the sagitta theorem and its applications in optics
  • Explore advanced trigonometric identities relevant to lens calculations
  • Practice creating and using formulas in spreadsheet software for optical calculations
USEFUL FOR

Optics students, physics educators, and anyone involved in lens design or optical engineering will benefit from this discussion.

nao113
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Homework Statement
Consider a lens made of glass with refractive index 𝑛𝑛=1.5 is placed in the air (refractive index =1.0), as shown in the figure. The first surface is plane and the second surface is spherical convex shape whose radius of curvature is 𝑟𝑟=100 [mm]. z-axis is called optical axis. The first surface perpendicularly intersects the optical axis at O, and second surface intersects the optical axis at Q. The thickness of the lens OQ = 𝑑𝑑 = 20 [mm]. A light beam parallel to the optical axis is incident to the lens, where the distance (height) of the beam from the optical axis is h. The refracted beam intersects the optical axis at X. Derive the distance between the lens and the intersection X, Q
Relevant Equations
n1theta1 = n2 theta2
Screen Shot 2022-06-20 at 14.44.44.png

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Answer:
I already found the answer for Sin theta 2 like the pic below
20220620_155107.jpg
But, I am still not sure about how to derive delta here. Can anyone show me they way? thank you
 
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Can you find ##\theta_3## in terms of ##\theta_1## and ##\theta_2##? Then use Snell's law to eliminate ##\theta_2##.
 
kuruman said:
Can you find ##\theta_3## in terms of ##\theta_1## and ##\theta_2##? Then use Snell's law to eliminate ##\theta_2##.
WhatsApp Image 2022-06-20 at 11.21.05 PM.jpeg
WhatsApp Image 2022-06-20 at 11.21.06 PM.jpeg
WhatsApp Image 2022-06-20 at 11.21.06 PM-2.jpeg


I put it like this, how is it?
 
nao113 said:
It doesn't look good. How about finding a formula for Δ in terms of ##h##, ##r## and ##d##? Then instead of doing three separate calculations, you can substitute three separate values in the one formula. Even better, load the formula on a spreadsheet. That way it is less likely that you will get an inconsistent answer, you and we can troubleshoot your work more easily.

I see one glaring error that makes your numerical answers incorrect. That is your assertion that $$\sin\theta_3=\sin\theta_2-\sin\theta_1.~~\leftarrow~~\text{This is not correct}$$Why do you think that the sines are related this way? The way to do this problem is to answer the four questions in the order (2), (3), (4) and (1). So let's start with (2), "What is the relation between ##\theta_1##, ##\theta_2## and ##\theta_3##?"
 
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kuruman said:
How about finding a formula for Δ in terms of h, r and d?
Hint: This relationship is a standard piece of lens/mirror plane geometry known as the sagitta theorem. Learn it.
 
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hutchphd said:
Hint: This relationship is a standard piece of lens/mirror plane geometry known as the sagitta theorem. Learn it.
I didn't know it had a theorem name. I always (re)derived it as needed using the Pythagorean theorem.
 
I remember it because I ground a telescope mirror in Jr High school.
Now I am lucky to remember to put on pants...
 
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