Light speed and the LIGO experiment

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the speed of light and its constancy in the context of the LIGO experiment, exploring the implications of gravitational waves on light paths. Participants examine theoretical aspects related to spacetime stretching and its effects on light travel, with a focus on conceptual understanding rather than definitive conclusions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether a gravitational wave causes the light beam traveling along a stretched path to "interpret" the stretch as an increase in length that it must travel.
  • Another participant challenges the metaphor of light beams having a point of view, suggesting that the concept of interpretation is unclear.
  • There is a discussion about whether an increase in length for the light beam corresponds to an increase in the physical distance measured for that path, with some asserting that it does.
  • One participant refers to the definition of the meter and how it relates to light travel, indicating that changes in spacetime would affect physical distance measurements.
  • A later reply raises a question about whether curved spacetime implies an increase in observable distance, suggesting a connection between curvature and distance perception.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between spacetime stretching and physical distance. Some agree that an increase in light-beam travel length equates to an increase in physical distance, while others seek clarification on definitions and implications, indicating unresolved aspects of the discussion.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various definitions of physical distance and the implications of spacetime curvature, but these concepts remain under discussion without a clear consensus on their interpretations or implications.

  • #61
PeterDonis said:
Just to clarify: in the LIGO team's coordinates, the coordinates of the mirrors at the ends of the arms are constant, but the metric coefficients change as the GW passes in such a way that the lengths of the arms change (because those lengths depend on both the coordinates of the ends and the metric coefficients). The alternate set of coordinates I was imagining, in the interpretation where the arm lengths don't change, still assigns constant coordinates to the mirrors at the ends of the arms, but is set up so that a different set of metric coefficients changes as the GW passes, the ones that govern the coordinate speed of light. But this is only a heuristic description; I have not done any computations.
As discussed in a previous thread, even if the alternate set of coordinates you mention is routinely used in interferometry for instance in the maesurent of refraction variations, in the GW case only the LIGO team's class of coordinates( the family of harmonic coordinates) are mathematically compatible with the linearized EFE expressed as a wave equation with plane gravitational wave solutions(see for example Efstathiou's "General relativity" section 17.5). This is a particularity of general relativity as a mathematical model that has no bearing on the general principle which always prevails, i.e.: that the physics must be independent of the coordinates.
 

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