archyboi
- 4
- 0
billiards said:I know this is not directly related, but while I'm here I may as well clear up another apparent misunderstanding for the OP.
The Earth's core is not magnetized. The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the swirling around of liquid in the outer core (driven by thermal and, more importantly, compositional convection) in what is known as the geodynamo.
In 1819 Hans Christian Oersted observed that a wire carrying a current could deflect a compass needle, this implied that a current in a wire produces a magnetic field. It was later realized that the magnetism in a material could be explained by considering moving electrical charges on an atomic level.
Ferromagnetism: This is a special case whereby the atomic neighbourhood allows for spontaneous magnetization. In this case, the atomic moments are aligned parallel; few materials are ferromagnetic at temperatures above 0°C, some of which include: iron, nickel, cobalt, gadolinium, and chromium dioxide. In a material such as a rock, small groups of perfectly aligned atoms may exist in a spatial configuration; one of these zones is called a magnetic domain, and has a typical diameter of a few μm, these contribute to the magnetism of a material at a macroscopic scale.
In a ferromagnetic substance the alignment of atoms depends on a balance between thermal and chemical bonding energy. The chemical bonding energy acts to align the magnetic moments of the atoms, whereas the thermal energy causes the atoms to vibrate out of line. At temperatures below the Curie temperature the bonding energy prevails and the atoms are locked into a formation which enables spontaneous magnetization. At temperatures above the Curie temperature thermal agitation destroys existing magnetic domains such that the material loses its magnetization.
As pressure is increased the Curie temperature lowers; thus at the core where temperature and pressure are very high relative to the conditions at the surface, we would expect a material to be below its Curie point such that it is not magnetic.
This is a wonderful report. Well done.
A little problem, though. You describe ferromagnetism beautifully. You describe paramagnetism beautifully. While it is absolutely true that the magnetohydrodynamic fluids comprising the mantle and core materials in compositional convection are not ferromagnetic, this does not mean that they are not magnetized. It means only that they are not ferromagnetically magnetized. They are paramagnetically magnetized.
The important question now is how?
I know how but it is inappropriate to post it on this public forum. Richard Feynman and Murray Gell/Mann solved the problem in 1957 and it is related to the quest for detecting geoneutrinos. Have you read Learned's recent paper?
http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1742-6596/136/2/022007/jpconf8_136_022007.pdf?request-id=71eaa3b0-77c3-4ced-8cef-268e39be6618
Thank you for your most useful post. It helped me immensely.