Measuring metallurgical composition of melt in furnace

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Metallurgists commonly measure the chemical composition of alloy mixtures during production using techniques such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for real-time monitoring of melt compositions. While some advanced facilities may utilize methods like ICP-mass spectrometry, this is less common in steel mills due to cost and complexity. Typically, samples are taken from the furnace, and adjustments to the alloy composition are made based on these analyses. Other techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), are less frequently used in this context. Overall, LIBS is favored for its efficiency and effectiveness in monitoring alloy compositions during production.
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When mixing special grades of alloys, or even in commercial production of common alloys, furnaces are often used where metals or additives are added and mixed, then samples taken at the core and characterized, then adjustments are made by adding additives until the desired composition is achieved.

What is the common way and procedure that metallurgists use to measure the chemical composition of the mixture during production?

Do they cool down the sample immediately by say quenching and run it through an ICP-mass spec (I don't think steel mills are this sophisticated)? How is it normally done?
 
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Anyone?

Alternatives like XPS? etc? Anyone know how it is normally done?
 
Several steelmakers use LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) to monitor melt compositions.
 
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