Metastable vacuum and tunneling

In summary, Srednicki discusses instantons and theta vacua in chapter 9 of his book on quantum field theory. He mentions that for a set of two classically degenerate minimum, the energy splitting between them can be computed in two ways: through degenerate perturbation theory and through the saddle point expansion of the euclidean path integral. This latter method involves summing over all saddles, including a classical trajectory from vacuum n to n' in an inverted potential. The energy of the true vacuum can be computed using this method.
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paralleltransport
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TL;DR Summary
I'd like to ask a few questions about QFT readings.
Hi all,

I'm currently reading about instantons and theta vacua (section 93, p 572 of http://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~mark/ms-qft-DRAFT.pdf)

Srednicki remarks in passing the following:
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What is a good way to "see" 93.5 is true? Is there a slightly simpler way than below which is my current understanding (given srednicki just says this i assume there must be a simple intuition behind it)

For a a set of 2 classically degenerate minimum, the energy splitting between them can be computed 2 ways:
1. One way is to compute n′|H|m. Degenerate perturbation theory says that the energy split will be proportional to this value.
2. The other method is to compute the saddle point expansion of the euclidean path integral. In this expansion one has to sum over all saddles. one of the saddle is a classical trajectory from vacuum n -> n' in an inverted potential. The energy of the true vacuum can be computed by taking the large time limit and the ln(Z) which will have an e^{S} term}2.
 
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Isn't this covered in chapter 9?
 

FAQ: Metastable vacuum and tunneling

1. What is a metastable vacuum?

A metastable vacuum is a hypothetical state in particle physics where the vacuum, or empty space, is not in its lowest possible energy state. This means that there is a potential for the vacuum to transition to a lower energy state, which can have significant consequences for the universe.

2. How does tunneling occur in a metastable vacuum?

Tunneling in a metastable vacuum occurs when the vacuum transitions to a lower energy state through a process called vacuum decay. This process involves the formation of bubbles of the new, lower energy vacuum that expand at the speed of light, potentially destroying any structures in their path.

3. What are the implications of a metastable vacuum for the universe?

If the vacuum were to transition to a lower energy state, it could have catastrophic consequences for the universe. This could include changes in the laws of physics, the destruction of all matter, and the collapse of the universe itself.

4. Is a metastable vacuum a likely scenario?

While there is currently no evidence to suggest that our vacuum is in a metastable state, it is still a possibility that scientists are actively researching. Some theories, such as string theory, suggest that there may be multiple vacua with different energy states, making the existence of a metastable vacuum more likely.

5. How do scientists study and measure a metastable vacuum?

Scientists study the possibility of a metastable vacuum through theoretical models and experiments, such as particle accelerators. They also look for evidence of vacuum decay, such as changes in the laws of physics or the presence of new particles, which could indicate that the vacuum has transitioned to a lower energy state.

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