Hello Molly,
We are given the objective function:
$$f(x,y)=12x^2+7y^2+6xy+8x+2y+4$$
subject to the constraint:
$$g(x,y)=4x^2+2xy-1=0$$
Now, using Lagrange multipliers, we obtain:
$$24x+6y+8=\lambda\left(8x+2y \right)$$
$$14y+6x+2=\lambda\left(2x \right)$$
This implies:
$$\lambda=\frac{12x+3y+4}{4x+y}=\frac{7y+3x+1}{x}$$
Cross-multiplication yields:
$$12x^2+3xy+4x=28xy+12x^2+4x+7y^2+3xy+y$$
This reduces to:
$$0=28xy+7y^2+y=y(28x+7y+1)$$
This gives us two cases to consider:
i) $$y=0$$
Substituting into the constraint, we find:
$$4x^2-1=0\implies x=\pm\frac{1}{2}$$
Hence, we find the two critical points:
$$\left(0,\pm\frac{1}{2} \right)$$
ii) $$28x+7y+1=0\implies y=-\frac{28x+1}{7}$$
Substituting into the constraint, we find:
$$4x^2+2x\left(-\frac{28x+1}{7} \right)-1=0$$
Multiply through by 7:
$$28x^2-56x^2-2x-7=0$$
$$28x^2+2x+7=0$$
Observing that the discriminant is negative, we know there are no real roots, and so this case yields no critical points.
Now, we check the value of the objective function at the two critical points found in the first case:
$$f\left(-\frac{1}{2},0 \right)=3+0+0-4+0+4=3$$
$$f\left(\frac{1}{2},0 \right)=3+0+0+4+0+4=11$$
And so we may conclude that:
$$f_{\min}=f\left(-\frac{1}{2},0 \right)=3$$
We cannot conclude that the other point is a global maximum because the constraint gives us:
$$y=\frac{1}{2x}-2x$$
and substitution into the objective function gives us:
$$f(x)=28x^2+4x-7+\frac{4x+7}{4x^2}$$
which is unbounded as $$x\to\pm\infty$$
If we differentiate this function, and equate the result to zero, we obtain:
$$f'(x)=(2x+1)(2x-1)\left(28x^2+2x+7 \right)=0$$
As before, the yields the critical values:
$$x=\pm\frac{1}{2}$$
Now, the second derivative of the objective function in $x$ is:
$$f''(x)=448x^3+24x^2-2$$
And we find that:
$$f''\left(-\frac{1}{2} \right)<0$$
$$f''\left(\frac{1}{2} \right)>0$$
And so we know there is a relative minimum and a relative maximum, but given the behavior of the function at the extremes, i.e.:
$$\lim_{x\to\pm\infty}f(x)=\infty$$
We must therefore conclude that the relative minimum is the global minimum while the relative maximum is not the global maximum.
