Opamp logarithmic & exponential amplifiers

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the behavior of logarithmic and exponential amplifiers, specifically addressing the output voltage when a 0V input is applied. It was experimentally observed that both types of amplifiers yield a 0V output, despite theoretical expectations that the logarithm of zero is undefined and the exponential function should not produce zero output. The conversation highlights the practical implications of the Schottky equation, which describes the current in a diode, and emphasizes that real-world op-amps may deviate from idealized equations due to the influence of constant terms at low voltages.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of operational amplifiers (op-amps)
  • Familiarity with logarithmic and exponential functions
  • Knowledge of the Schottky equation and its parameters
  • Basic principles of circuit design and analysis
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Schottky equation in detail to understand its application in op-amps
  • Explore the design and functionality of logarithmic amplifiers
  • Investigate the effects of input voltage on op-amp behavior
  • Learn about the limitations of ideal vs. real-world op-amps
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Electronics students, circuit designers, and engineers interested in the practical applications and limitations of logarithmic and exponential amplifiers in real-world scenarios.

daskywalker
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So I was playing around with logarithmic & exponential amplifiers in my lab class. I was looking at the following equations:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/7/6/77663157d5b97ceb2e3edac5f587a620.png and
http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/b/3/c/b3c569c85552561e41dec916f6e8ebe8.png

Experimentally I found out that if I feed in 0V in both log. and exp. amplifiers I get 0V output.
But according to the equations the log of zero is undefined and the power of any number is one, i.e. I should never get zero output voltage.
I was wondering how to explain this observation, was it that my experiment was flawed or that real life op amps behave differently than those equations predict?
 
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Sorry for the delay.
These simple circuits compute one sided Log ratio functions. The input is assumed to be numerically greater than or equal to one. That minimum input of one is offset or mapped to zero volts.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_amplifier
 
Log and exponential amplifier are based on the Schotky equation for the current in a diode which is
$$I = I_s [exp( \frac{V}{nV_T} )- 1]$$ where V is the applied voltage, ##I_s## is the saturation current and ##V_t## is "thermal voltage", that is, ## k_B T/e## (Boltzmann constant x absolute temperature /elementary charge). So, when V is a few times greater than ##V_T##, the equation simplifies to $$I = I_s [exp( \frac{V}{nV_T} )- 1] \approx I_s exp( \frac{V}{nV_T} )$$ and that's the range of voltages where these circuit work as logarithmic or exponential amplifiers. But when V gets close to zero, the effects of the constant term in the first equation is not negligible.
 

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