Outer layer refractive index - total internal refection on waveguide

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the use of outer layers with lower refractive indices in augmented reality (AR) lenses to facilitate total internal reflection within optical waveguides. This design choice enhances light transmission by allowing certain modes to pass through the interface, thereby suppressing higher order modes that can distort signals. The conversation highlights the importance of gentle transitions in refractive indices to optimize performance in applications like digital transmission, particularly in step-index and graded index optical fibers.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of total internal reflection principles
  • Knowledge of refractive index and its implications in optics
  • Familiarity with optical waveguide technology
  • Basic concepts of augmented reality (AR) lenses
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of total internal reflection in optical systems
  • Explore the design and functionality of step-index and graded index optical fibers
  • Investigate the impact of refractive index transitions on signal integrity in waveguides
  • Learn about the various types of AR lenses and their applications in augmented reality technology
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for optical engineers, augmented reality developers, and researchers interested in waveguide technology and its applications in AR systems.

Rymazon
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TL;DR
Could an extra layer be better than air?
I am interested in experimenting with AR lenses and one of the main technologies is a waveguide. They rely on total internal reflection, which needs light to go from a higher to lower refractive index medium. I am reading that current AR lenses use an outer layer with a lower refractive index to allow this to happen but why would this be better than having no outer layer and using the refractive index of air, which is lower than most transparent materials? Thanks.
 
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As you will realise there are a number of modes that can propagate in an optical waveguide. By making the transition in refractive index at the boundary gentle, those modes having a small angle of incidence at the interface will not be reflected and will pass through. The waveguide then tends to suppress higher order modes. This is desirable for some applications because the higher order modes propagate more slowly and will tend to blur a short signalling pulse. Step-index and graded index optical fibre are useful for fast digital transmission.
 
Please define "AR lens". Do you mean gradient index lens? Or augmented reality filter? Or antireflective coating on glass lens?

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