Quality factor of driven damped oscillating pendulum

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the quality factor (Q) of a driven damped oscillating pendulum, specifically a cuckoo clock with a 25 cm long pendulum and a mass of 10 g. The period of the pendulum is 1 second, and it is powered by a 200 g weight falling 2 meters. The quality factor Q is defined as the ratio of the natural frequency ω0 to the damping coefficient γ, with the formula Q = ω0/γ. The participants emphasize the importance of understanding the energy dynamics in the system to determine how long the clock would run on a 1 J battery.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of harmonic motion and pendulum dynamics
  • Familiarity with the concepts of damping and driving forces
  • Knowledge of the quality factor in oscillatory systems
  • Basic principles of energy conservation in mechanical systems
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the quality factor Q in oscillating systems
  • Learn about the effects of damping on oscillatory motion
  • Explore energy conservation principles in mechanical systems
  • Investigate the solution methods for second-order differential equations
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and oscillatory motion, as well as educators seeking to explain the concepts of quality factors and energy dynamics in pendulums.

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Homework Statement



A small cuckoo clock has a pendulum 25 cm long with a mass of 10 g and a period of 1 s. The clock is powered by a 200 g weight which falls 2 m between the daily windings. The amplitude of the swing is 0.2 rad. What is the Q (quality factor) of the clock? How long would the clock run if it were powered by a battery with 1 J capacity?

Homework Equations



F = ma --> d2θ/dt2 + γ*(dθ/dt) + (ω0^2)*θ = driving force***

ω0 = sqrt(k/m)
γ= b/m
Quality factor Q = ω0/γ
Also, Q = energy stored in oscillator/energy dissipated per radian

The Attempt at a Solution



ω0 = T/(2*pi) = 1/(2*pi)

Using arclength s and angle θ, m(d2s/dt2) = -mgsinθ, and since s = L*θ where L is the length of the pendulum, m*L*d2θ/dt2 = -mgsinθ - b(dθ/dt) + driving force

driving force = weight of falling mass = mg = .2*g
work done by driving force = .2*g*2meters = .4*g

the resonance width of the system = γ, and occurs when ω - ω0 = ±γ/2

I think that using the initial conditions given, I should be able to solve for ω somehow and then, having already solved for ω0, use ω - ω0 = ±γ/2 to solve for γ, and then Q would just be ω0/γ. However, solving for ω would require solving the second order non-homogeneous differential equation starred (***) above, and this class isn't supposed to require knowledge of ODEs (goes up to Calc IV).

The other option is to use energy and use the fact that in the steady state, the energy lost is all lost by the damping force, but this would again require having an equation of motion for x from which to get dx/dt, from which to find the energy lost by the damping force -bv, so I'm still at a loss of how to do this without actually solving for the equation of motion.

Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Thank you.
 
Last edited:
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You don't need to solve any fancy equations to handle this problem.

Start with the actual fundamental definition of Q. State this in words, not using any symbols or equations at all.
 
Last edited:

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