Question regarding photons and mass

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the relationship between energy and mass, particularly in the context of photons and massless particles. Participants explore the implications of Einstein's equation E=mc² and its applicability to particles without mass, as well as the nature of energy for such particles.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how E=mc² can imply that greater energy equates to greater mass when photons are massless.
  • Another participant clarifies that E=mc² is only valid for particles in their rest frames and introduces the full equation E = √(m²c⁴ + p²c²) for particles with mass.
  • A third participant mentions that massless particles like photons do not have a rest frame and thus cannot be evaluated using the same equation.
  • Further clarification is provided that for massless particles, the energy equation simplifies to E=pc, which is consistent with the earlier points made.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of E=mc² to massless particles, with some agreeing on the need for a different approach while others raise additional questions about related concepts, such as tachyons.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved assumptions regarding the definitions of mass and energy in different contexts, particularly concerning the behavior of massless particles and the implications of tachyonic motion.

Molecule
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Sorry if this is a noob question or if it has been answered before or if I'm just misunderstanding the physics involved but this has been keeping me up at night and it'd be nice to have it resolved.

If E=MCsquared implies that greater energy equates to greater mass in a particle, how is it that a photon, or any other particle for that matter, has no mass?
 
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The equation you listed is only valid for particles in their rest frames. A massless particle has no rest frame. If you were talking about a massive particle, which does have a rest frame, then that equation would be fine to use. The full equation is [itex]E = \sqrt{(mc^{2}) + (pc)^{2}}[/itex] where m is the rest mass. As you can see, for particles with no rest mass (or, in related terms, no rest frame), E = pc.
 
How does tachyon move faster than light
 
Molecule said:
Sorry if this is a noob question or if it has been answered before or if I'm just misunderstanding the physics involved but this has been keeping me up at night and it'd be nice to have it resolved.

If E=MCsquared implies that greater energy equates to greater mass in a particle, how is it that a photon, or any other particle for that matter, has no mass?

Its a good question. The actual energy of a moving particle is [itex]\gamma mc^2[/itex] and for a massless particle like a photon, [itex]\gamma[/itex] is infinite and m is zero. So we can't use this equation to evaluate the energy of a photon.

The equation for energy can be re-written as: [itex]E=\sqrt{p^2c^2+m^2c^4}[/itex] (WannabeNewton made a slight mistake). So From this equation, the energy of a massless particle can be seen to be: [itex]E=pc[/itex] (as WannabeNewton said).
 

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