Radiation effects/damage in structural alloys and ceramics

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SUMMARY

This discussion emphasizes the significance of gamma radiation in the context of radiation damage to structural alloys and ceramics, particularly in nuclear reactors. Key interactions include the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production, especially in high Z materials like Zr, Nb, W, U, and Pu. The presence of neutrons complicates the understanding of gamma radiation's impact, as they contribute significantly to atomic displacements during fission events. Essential references include the OECD NEA document and "Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science" by Gary Was, which provide foundational insights into radiation effects.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of gamma radiation interactions: photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production
  • Familiarity with neutron energy spectra in nuclear reactions
  • Knowledge of high Z materials: Zirconium (Zr), Niobium (Nb), Tungsten (W), Uranium (U), Plutonium (Pu)
  • Basic principles of radiation damage in materials science
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the photoelectric effect and its implications in radiation damage
  • Study Compton scattering and its role in gamma radiation interactions
  • Examine neutron energy spectra and their effects on structural materials
  • Explore advanced topics in radiation materials science, focusing on gamma radiation
USEFUL FOR

Materials scientists, nuclear engineers, and researchers focused on radiation damage in structural alloys and ceramics will benefit from this discussion.

Astronuc
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I was reading an old thread - Radiation Damage In metals from Gamma rays - https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/radiation-damage-in-metals-from-gamma-rays.826449/ The thread is long dormant and wasn't productive, but based on what I've learned over the last 5 years, I would change my response to indicate that gamma radiation shouldn't be ignored/dismissed, although apparently it has been somewhat. A colleague showed me some radiographs that could only be explained by the presence of gammas, which lead to some of the research I'm now doing.

A useful resource - https://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_19620 NEA/NSC/DOC(2015)9 - but it does not address gamma radiation.

Gammas are significant due to the interaction with electrons by the photoelectric effect (low energy), Compton Scattering (moderate energy), and pair production (E > 1.022 MeV). As neutron energy increases, pair production becomes more probable, particularly in the presence of high Z atoms, e.g., Zr, Nb, W, U, Pu. It is the Compton electrons and positron-electron pairs that are significant (I use a term 'Compton cascade'). One challenge in understanding the influence of gamma radiation in a reactor is the presence of neutrons, which cause a lot of damage through atomic displacements. For every fission event, there are two or three neutrons, and either 7 or 8 prompt gammas, not including decay gammas (from fission products) and gammas from radiative capture. Obtaining an approximate neutron energy spectrum (0.01eV to 10 MeV) for a given lattice is relatively simple compared to obtaining a gamma energy spectrum, which is considerable more complex.

Another good reference - Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-3438-6 (but not much on gamma radiation effects).
Gary Was has taught a lot of folks now working on the subject.
 
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