If the sun were to suddenly vanish, Earth would continue on its circular path for approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds before moving tangentially due to the lack of gravitational pull. This phenomenon illustrates the finite speed of information transfer, as gravitational effects propagate at the speed of light. The discussion highlights the implications of this scenario on concepts like faster-than-light (FTL) communication, which could violate causality. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between gravity, motion, and the speed of information. Ultimately, the laws of physics dictate that changes in gravitational forces are not instantaneous.