Repulsion and attraction between atoms

In summary, atoms repel when they are close to each other due to Pauli repulsion, where the closer proximity to electrons causes repulsion. On the other hand, atoms react when they are far from each other due to Van der Waals forces, where the exchange of electrons can form covalent bonds and create a stable relationship.
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Why do atoms repel when they are close to each other and react when they are far from each other??
 
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Atoms are electrically neutral from far away. However, when you (pretend you are another, cognizant atom) get close to one, you are much closer to the electrons (-) than the protons (+). This means that you and the other atom will repel each other.

However, if the atom is missing 1 valence electron to complete its outer 'surface' and you happen to have one too many valence electrons (one of your electrons is further/popped out than all the others), then you two can marry (form a covalent bond) and live happily ever after. You will even produce a baby immediately (the energy/heat/information exchange with the environment when the covalent bond forms).

I know this is all very crude. I hope it helps visualize what's going on and please excuse my terrible humour.
 

FAQ: Repulsion and attraction between atoms

1. What is the difference between repulsion and attraction between atoms?

The repulsion between atoms refers to the force that pushes two atoms apart, while attraction between atoms is the force that pulls two atoms together.

2. What causes repulsion and attraction between atoms?

The repulsion between atoms is caused by the negative charges of the electrons in the outermost energy levels of the atoms. Attraction between atoms is caused by the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus of each atom.

3. How do repulsion and attraction affect the behavior of atoms?

The balance between repulsion and attraction between atoms determines the stability and chemical properties of molecules. Atoms with a strong attraction for each other tend to form stable bonds and molecules, while atoms with strong repulsion will tend to stay apart.

4. Can repulsion and attraction between atoms change?

Yes, the strength of repulsion and attraction between atoms can change depending on the distance between the atoms and the amount of energy they possess. As atoms get closer together, the repulsion between their electrons increases, while the attraction between the positive nucleus and negative electrons remains constant. This can lead to changes in the properties and behavior of the atoms.

5. How do scientists study repulsion and attraction between atoms?

Scientists use various methods, such as spectroscopy and scattering techniques, to study the repulsion and attraction between atoms. These techniques allow them to measure the distance between atoms, the strength of their interactions, and the types of bonds that can form between them.

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