A simple fiber optics communication system transmits data using light signals through fiber optic cables, which are made of glass or plastic. Key components include a light source (like a laser), a transmitter to convert electrical signals into light, and a receiver to convert light back into electrical signals. Understanding the function of each component is essential for grasping how the system operates. Resources like articles and tutorials can provide further insights into building and understanding these systems. Overall, fiber optics play a crucial role in modern communication technology.