Simple kinematics multiple choice question

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The discussion centers on a kinematics question where the participant selected answer A, believing the ball's motion is solely due to gravity after an initial force. They seek clarification on why the correct answer is C, arguing that gravity accelerates the ball at -9.8 m/s^2 throughout its trajectory, making condition II incorrect. Another participant agrees with the reasoning but emphasizes the need to explain that air resistance is negligible at the highest point, allowing gravity to be the only acting force. The conversation also raises a question about the validity of condition III. Understanding the role of gravity and air resistance is crucial in solving the problem accurately.
NP04
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Homework Statement
See image.
Relevant Equations
conceptual problem
Screen Shot 2019-05-05 at 2.24.58 PM.png

I selected A, because the ball is merely in motion due to the force of gravity (after applied force).

My teacher has not concerned us with air resistance so can someone please explain why the correct answer is C? I reasoned that gravity was always accelerating the ball at -9.8 m/s^2 throughout its trajectory so condition II could not be accurate.
 
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NP04 said:
Problem Statement: See image.
Relevant Equations: conceptual problem

View attachment 242988
I selected A, because the ball is merely in motion due to the force of gravity (after applied force).

My teacher has not concerned us with air resistance so can someone please explain why the correct answer is C? I reasoned that gravity was always accelerating the ball at -9.8 m/s^2 throughout its trajectory so condition II could not be accurate.
II is false and your reasoning is correct (but to clarify, you should explain why air resistance is zero at the highest point, so gravity is the only force).
But what about III?
 
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The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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