Some kind of mathematical formula that I obviously dont know about?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mathematical expansion of the expression |r+δ|^-1 in powers of δ/r, exploring the validity of the approximation and the underlying concepts of power series. Participants seek clarification on the derivation and implications of the formula presented.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant requests an explanation of the approximation |r+δ|^-1 and questions if it is a known mathematical formula.
  • Another participant expresses doubt about the correctness of the approximation, noting that setting δ = 0 leads to a potentially incorrect simplification.
  • A participant suggests using the expression |r+δ| = |r||1+δ/r| and proposes expanding the reciprocal (1+δ/r)-1 in a power series due to the smallness of δ/r.
  • There is a request for clarification on what constitutes a power series.
  • A participant references the binomial series and suggests using the first few terms for small δ/r values.
  • One participant advises checking the approximation with a specific small value of δ/r to ensure its accuracy.
  • A later reply provides the expansion formula (1+x)-1 = 1 - x + x² - x³ + x⁴ - ... for |x| < 1.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the correctness of the approximation, with some supporting its validity and others questioning it. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the accuracy of the initial formula presented.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the assumptions made about the smallness of δ relative to r, and the discussion does not resolve whether the transcription of the formula is accurate.

M. next
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Hello there.
Can you please explain the following:
Let us suppose that δ is very much less than r, and expand |r+δ|^-1 in powers of δ/r. Keeping the lower order terms gives:
|r+δ|^-1 ≈ 1/r.(1-r.δ/r^2) + 1/2r [3(δ.r/r)^2-(δ/r)^2]

How did they reach here? is this kind of a mathematical formula that i don't know about?

Thanks in advance
 
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I don't know that your aproximation is correct? If I set δ = 0 then the equation becomes

1/|r| ≈ 1/r

That doesn't look right?
 
|r+δ| = |r||1+δ/r|. Since δ/r << 1, you may use |r|(1+δ/r).

Take the reciprocal and expand (1+δ/r)-1 in a power series.
 
What do you exactly mean by a power series, mathman?
 
M. next said:
What do you exactly mean by a power series, mathman?
See the binomial series, and use just the first few terms, since they diminish rapidly for d/r very much smaller than 1: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BinomialSeries.html
 
I would check the approximation formula that you quote, too. That is, evaluate it for a small delta/r, say, .0015, and verify that it gives a good approximation. (Otherwise you might be futilely trying to arrive at a formula that you have transcribed wrongly. I haven't checked it.)
 
Thank you, NascentOxygen. I get it now. :)
 
(1+x)-1 = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + x4 - ...

Formula holds for |x| < 1.
 
Thank you.
 

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