Spin Magnetic Moment: Does an Electron Really Spin?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of electron spin and its implications for the electron's magnetic moment. Participants explore whether the term "spin" accurately describes the intrinsic property of electrons, considering both historical context and quantum mechanical interpretations. The conversation touches on theoretical aspects, experimental observations, and comparisons with other particles like protons and neutrons.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question whether an electron truly spins about its own axis, suggesting that the term "spin" may be a misnomer for a quantum property that does not involve actual rotation.
  • Others argue that while the term "spin" is historically rooted, it serves as a useful model for understanding electron behavior, despite not being literally accurate.
  • A participant notes that the concept of spin arises from the Dirac equation and is a relativistic effect, emphasizing that it is not akin to classical rotation.
  • There is a discussion about the implications of defining spin, with one participant suggesting that if defined properly, one could argue that electrons are indeed "spinning."
  • Participants also compare electron spin to the spin of composite particles like neutrons and protons, noting that their spins arise from the contributions of constituent quarks and their orbital angular momentum.
  • One participant raises a question about the existence of a 3/2 spin excited state for protons, referencing the Delta+ particle as an example.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of electron spin, with no consensus reached on whether it should be considered a form of actual rotation. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of spin for understanding particle behavior.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge the complexity of defining spin, particularly for fundamental particles like electrons, and the limitations of using classical analogies to describe quantum phenomena. The discussion highlights the need for careful consideration of definitions and assumptions in the context of quantum mechanics.

Prashasti
Messages
63
Reaction score
2
Does an electron really spin about its own axis? If not, what does spin magnetic moment imply? My physics teacher said "Besides the orbital moment, an electron has an intrinsic magnetic moment, it is called the spin magnetic moment, But I hasten to add that it is not as though the electron is spinning."

But, in my chemistry textbook, there's an illustration of an electron apparently "spinning" about its own axis. Moreover, the direction of spinning has also been shown.
magnetic-moment-of-electrons.png
 
Physics news on Phys.org
It's a historical accident that we use the word "spin" to describe the quantum mechanical property that leads to an electron having a magnetic moment. What's going on actually has nothing to do with rotation about an axis; it's not clear that an electron even has an axis to rotate around.

However, there are many situations where an electron behaves enough like a little rotating ball that we can use that as a model. It's not quite right, but it avoids some very hairy quantum mechanical complications, and it's no more "wrong" than pretending that the Earth is a perfect sphere (it's actually a bit misshapen) when you're thinking about latitude and longitude.

That's what your chemistry textbook is doing.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Prashasti
So, it is an assumption, right?
Thanks.
 
The spin of the electron is a relativistic effect that drops out of the Dirac equation. It is a very strange quantum mechanical beast that has nothing to do with the electron rotating like a prima ballerina. For example if you rotate the spin by 360 degrees you turn it upside down.

This picture is not an assumption, it is more like a crutch that allows people to come to grips with spin and relate it to something they know from the macroscopic world.

Spin has been observed in countless experiments. Electrons, neutrons and protons all have spin. There are thousands of experimental results that cannot be explained without taking spin into account.
 
If the electron was actually spinning on its axis, how would we ever know? For a composite object, we look at parts of the object while they revolve around the center of the object. For an object with no parts, what does it mean to spin? The question is not, does an electron spin, but, what exactly does it mean to spin?

If I define spin from basic experience, it is that it continuously evolves into rotated copies of its former self. For an object with perfect rotational symmetry, this condition is trivially satisfied. So I think it's fine to say it is really spinning, as long as you define your terms.
 
Neutrons and protons have parts, so something more complicated is happening for them. I think the neutron spin must be equal to the total of the spin of the constituent quarks and the orbital angular momentum of the quarks. I think the orbital angular momentum of the quarks is 0 in the ground state, but someone with more particle physics expertise should chime in.
 
Quarks have spin 1/2, just like the electron. So the effective spin of the proton and the neutron (both also 1/2) are not simply the sum of the 3 quarks' spins
 
Of course when adding angular momenta, they needn't point in the same direction. Is there a 3/2 spin excited state for a proton?

Edit: a Delta+ particle is an excited proton, with spins aligned, I think. Is that right?
 
Last edited:

Similar threads

  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 18 ·
Replies
18
Views
5K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
4K