Synchrotron Radiation: Explaining Its Wide Spectrum

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of synchrotron radiation and its wide spectrum. Participants explore the mechanisms behind the emission of photons by electrons in synchrotron accelerators, considering factors such as energy levels, acceleration, and the influence of magnetic fields.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question how synchrotron radiation can have a wide range of spectrum if photons are typically associated with specific energy levels based on electron energy loss.
  • Others propose that the continuous acceleration of electrons, influenced by their velocity and the intensity of magnetic fields, allows for a broad spectrum of emitted photons.
  • One participant highlights that while electrons in atomic systems may have discrete energy levels, free electrons can exhibit a continuum of energy values, leading to a range of photon energies when accelerated.
  • Another participant explains that synchrotron radiation arises from high-energy electrons being deflected by magnetic fields, resulting in a continuous x-ray spectrum due to the non-quantized nature of the electrons' initial and final states.
  • A participant raises a concern about whether all electrons in a synchrotron, being accelerated under the same conditions, would produce photons with the same energy range.
  • Specific examples are provided, such as a 10-GeV electron in a 1 Tesla field producing photons with a critical energy of 66.5 KeV.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between electron energy levels and the spectrum of emitted photons, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without a clear consensus.

Contextual Notes

The discussion involves assumptions about the behavior of electrons in different contexts (free vs. bound states) and the implications of acceleration on photon emission, which may not be fully resolved.

CT03
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i am not sure if anyone have asked this question, but can someone explain to me how synchrotron radiation have a wide range of spectrum? I thought that an electron only emit a photon with a spectific range of energy depending on the energy loss.
 
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CT03 said:
i am not sure if anyone have asked this question, but can someone explain to me how synchrotron radiation have a wide range of spectrum? I thought that an electron only emit a photon with a spectific range of energy depending on the energy loss.
It depends on the acceleration of the electron, which depends on the velocity of the electron and intensity of the magnetic field. The velocity (and kinetic energy) of electrons can be a continuous function.
 
Are you saying that if an electron have enough energy, it can produce a photon with a wide range of spectrum when accelerated? I thought a photon can only have a discrete amount of energy and therefore a specific wavelength.
 
The energy of an electron may have discrete values - as when it is 'orbiting' the nucleus of an atom (the Hydrogen Atom is the example everyone starts with. Then it is part of a system, and not on its own.

If you have an electron in a dense material, where there are many atoms around it, then it may have a continuous range of energies (a 'band'). Also, when an electron is 'free' of any nearby charges, it can take a continuum of energy values. You can make it accelerate by giving it a circular path and it can radiate energy. This "synchrotron' radiation can have photons with a range of energies. This is 'classical behaviour' and, was one of the initial problems when trying to build a model of the atom involving orbiting electrons, which 'should' be radiating all the time, but they don't. It required quantum theory to sort it out.
So it is only when an electron has particular quantised energy states (in a system involving other charged particles) that the photons need to have fixed energies. (Each individual photon can, of course, only have one energy value).
 
Hi CT03-
Synchrotron radiation radiation comes from free high energy electrons (usually over 1 GeV) circulating in synchrotron accelerators and storage rings being transversely deflected (accelerated) by strong magnetic fields. The transverse acceleration is conceptually similar to bremsstrahlung from nuclear Coulomb scattering, except the accelerating force is weaker, and the synchrotron radiation is similar in energy to conventional x-rays. The initial and final states of the electrons are not quantized, and the x-ray spectrum is continuous.
Bob S
 
Hang on, if all the electrons in a synchrotron got accelerated in the same condition, doesn't that mean they have the same energy? if so shouldn't they produce photons with the same energy range?
 
Last edited:
Hi CT03
See the example after equation 8,71 in
http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/UserDocumentation/UsersGuides/PhysicsReferenceManual/BackupVersions/V9.0/html/node46.html
A 10-GeV electron in a 1 Tesla field produces photons with a critical (median) energy of 66.5 KeV.
Bob S
 
Last edited by a moderator:
thanks guys. I think i got it.
 

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