Test charge in electric and magnetic field

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the behavior of a proton placed at the origin in a uniform electric field along the Y-axis and a uniform magnetic field along the Z-axis. Initially at rest, the proton accelerates in the direction of the electric field, which is down the negative Y-axis. As the proton gains velocity, the magnetic force becomes significant and acts orthogonally to both the magnetic field and the velocity vector, leading to a net force that eventually results in the proton moving along the X-axis while maintaining a negative Y position. The forces reach an equilibrium where the magnetic force equals the electric force, halting further acceleration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electric fields and forces
  • Knowledge of magnetic fields and Lorentz force law
  • Familiarity with vector calculus and right-hand rule (RHR)
  • Basic principles of particle motion in electromagnetic fields
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Lorentz force equation in detail
  • Explore the concept of charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields
  • Learn about the behavior of particles in uniform electric and magnetic fields
  • Investigate the implications of asymptotic behavior in charged particle dynamics
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Physics students, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of charged particles in electromagnetic fields will benefit from this discussion.

FireStorm000
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Consider an proton placed at the origin; a uniform electric field exists along the Y axis, and a uniform magnetic field along the Z axis. In what direction does the proton accelerate? My intuition is that it accelerates along the X axis, normal to both fields, but I'm not sure. Can anyone derive a solution?
 
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"Placed at the origin" implies to me that the proton is initially at rest.

In what directions are the initial electric, magnetic and net forces on the proton?

What happens after the proton starts to move (how do the forces change)?
 
jtbell said:
"Placed at the origin" implies to me that the proton is initially at rest.

In what directions are the initial electric, magnetic and net forces on the proton?

What happens after the proton starts to move (how do the forces change)?

Well initially velocity is zero, so the magnetic force is also zero. But as soon as it starts moving, the magnetic force is nonzero, so I'm not sure. I guess it should initially accelerate in the direction of the E field, then turn along the X axis.

Edit: To clarify, Force due to the E field will always be down(-Y), and Magnetic Force will be orthogonal to both B and V, as per the RHR
Additionally, because the B field can't do work, the charge can never move above the X axis, and velocity will be a function of it's Y position.

And... I guess I answered my own question. There will be an asymtote such that Magnetic force is equal and opposite electric force, and the charge stops accelerating, with velocity along the X axis, and a negative Y position.
 
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