The correct domain of self-adjointness for the Laplacian

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on identifying the correct domain of self-adjointness for the Laplacian operator, denoted as \(\Delta\), within the Hilbert space \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d\). It establishes that both the Schwarz space and the space of smooth functions with compact support serve as cores for \(\Delta\). Furthermore, it concludes that the largest subspace of \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) where \(\Delta\) can be defined as a self-adjoint operator is characterized by the closure of the graph of \(\Delta\).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hilbert spaces, specifically \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\)
  • Knowledge of self-adjoint operators in functional analysis
  • Familiarity with the Laplacian operator \(\Delta\)
  • Concept of graph closure in the context of operators
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of self-adjoint operators in functional analysis
  • Explore the implications of the closure of the graph of an operator
  • Investigate the role of the Schwarz space in operator theory
  • Learn about the space of smooth functions with compact support and its applications
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Mathematicians, physicists, and students in advanced calculus or functional analysis who are studying operator theory and the properties of differential operators.

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The "correct" domain of self-adjointness for the Laplacian

Consider the Hilbert space L^2(\mathbb R^d), and consider the Laplacian operator \Delta on this space. We want to find a domain, D(\Delta) \subset L^2(\mathbb R^d), such that this guy is a self-adjoint operator. We have been talking about this in class recently, and I know that the Schwarz space and the space of smooth functions with compact support are both cores for \Delta. But can one easily describe the "biggest" subspace of L^2(\mathbb R^d) on which we can define \Delta such that it's self-adjoint there?
 
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Yes. Consider the closure of the graph of ##\Delta##.
 

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