I know that this is a 'tenebrous' topic.

. But let me explain with an example its motivation
Sometime ago i read ( i promise to search the reference) a work that critiziced some 'vices' that sometimes affect scientific research (I've said "sometimes", and that they critiziced the vices, when present, not scientific research itself). They put the example that analyzing bibliography, they'd found the case of a top cited paper that was cited in a wrong way ( a bad reference ), time after time, in a lot of papers by many different authors. They ask, How is possible that all this non-collaborating authors or research groups had made independentely the same mistake(this kind of mistake!)? Their conjetures:
a) Well, probably these researches had not actually read the paper, just copied the reference from another paper with the wrong reference. Knowing that it was a 'top' paper', the 'trend' is to cite it.
b) Yes, these researchers actually read the paper, but they were too lazy for searching for it in their archives and just copied the reference from another paper that had the wrong reference.
The dissimination ocurred because another 'popular' paper had made originally the wrong citation, and then another one, and another more, and...
The most of the papers they analized had the wrong reference. Just a few ones had the correct one. They conclude that this authors are the ones who actually read the paper. Or They were lucky to copy the reference from one
that had the correct one.
