Time Evolution of Spin in a Magnetic Field

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the time evolution of a spin 1/2 particle in a magnetic field, defined by the Hamiltonian \( H = g \overrightarrow{S} \cdot \overrightarrow{B} \). Participants analyze the rate of change of the spin operator using the Heisenberg equation of motion, expressed as \( \frac{d\overrightarrow{S}}{dt} = \frac{1}{i\hbar} [\overrightarrow{S}, H] \). The specific case of an external magnetic field oriented along the \( \hat{z} \) direction is examined, leading to calculations of eigenstates and eigenvalues of \( \dot{S_y} \). The discussion concludes with the necessity of understanding the time evolution operator \( e^{-iHt/\hbar} \) to compute the spin state and expectation value of energy over time.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics, specifically spin 1/2 systems.
  • Familiarity with the Heisenberg equation of motion.
  • Knowledge of Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics.
  • Proficiency in linear algebra, particularly eigenvalue problems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and implications of the Heisenberg equation of motion.
  • Learn about the properties of spin operators and their commutation relations.
  • Research the time evolution operator in quantum mechanics.
  • Explore eigenvalue problems in the context of quantum mechanics, focusing on spin systems.
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in quantum mechanics, particularly those focusing on spin systems, Hamiltonians, and time evolution in magnetic fields.

JoseGG
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Homework Statement


The Hamiltonian of a spin 1/2 particle is given by:
$$H=g\overrightarrow { S }\cdot \overrightarrow { B } $$
where ##\overrightarrow { S }=\hbar \overrightarrow{\sigma }/2## is the spin operator and ##\overrightarrow { B }## is an external magnetic field.
1. Determine ##\dot { \overrightarrow{ S } } ## as a function of S⃗ and B⃗ .
2. Consider now the particular case in which B⃗ = ##\hat{z}##B is oriented along ##\hat{z}##. Calculate the eigenstates and eigenvalues of ##\dot{S_y}##.

3. For t = 0 the system is in one of the eigenstates of ##\dot{S_y}## . Calculate the time evolution of the spin state and of the expectation value of the energy.


2. Homework Equations

1. So we are working with Heisenberg, equaiton of motion. They ask what is the rate of change of Spin operator with time. We are dealing with,
$$ \frac { dS }{ dt } =\frac { 1 }{ i\hbar } \left[ \overrightarrow { S } ,H \right] $$

2. ?

3. I think the timeevolution operator on the state

$$e^{-iHt/\hbar}\left |s \right> $$

The Attempt at a Solution


1. I interpet the ##\overrightarrow { S}## in the Heisenberg equation of motion as, a vector of [Sx,Sy,Sz], I don't know how to work with the Heisenberg equation to find the dirrevative.

2. Use the found ##\dot{\overrightarrow {S}}## vector and pick ##\dot{S_y}##, solve it as an eigenvalue problem with, spin up, with an eigen value of one.

I am not able to move forward without the first task. Any help would be nice. It is possible my attempt are not correct.
 
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I ofcourse had to use the commutation relations, for S got it figured out. $$\dot{S}$$ is then just a vector.
 

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