Undergrad Two or more gravitational lenses perfectly aligned with Earth?

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The discussion centers on the possibility of discovering two or more gravitational lenses perfectly aligned with Earth to enhance the magnification of distant galaxies. A referenced theory paper by Viktor T. Toth argues that such a two-lens system, termed a "gravitational lens bridge," does not provide additional signal amplification compared to a single lens. Participants question whether it would be possible to detect multiple lenses in alignment and the implications of their existence. The conversation highlights the complexities of gravitational lensing and its theoretical limitations. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for astrophysical research and observations.
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2 or more gravitational lenses
Has anyone ever discovered 2 or more gravitational lenses perfectly aligned with earth? So one lens magnifies the galaxies behind it and another lens between the first and earth magnifies it even more? Would you even be able to tell if they were?
 
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zuz said:
TL;DR Summary: 2 or more gravitational lenses

Has anyone ever discovered 2 or more gravitational lenses perfectly aligned with earth? So one lens magnifies the galaxies behind it and another lens between the first and earth magnifies it even more? Would you even be able to tell if they were?
Take a look at the theory paper Viktor T. Toth, Non-coplanar gravitational lenses and the “communication bridge”, which states in §6:
"...in particular, a two-lens system (the so called gravitational lens “bridge”) delivers no advantages, no additional signal amplification over the amplification offered by a single lens near the source."
 
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MOVING CLOCKS In this section, we show that clocks moving at high speeds run slowly. We construct a clock, called a light clock, using a stick of proper lenght ##L_0##, and two mirrors. The two mirrors face each other, and a pulse of light bounces back and forth betweem them. Each time the light pulse strikes one of the mirrors, say the lower mirror, the clock is said to tick. Between successive ticks the light pulse travels a distance ##2L_0## in the proper reference of frame of the clock...

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