Understanding a heat sensor circuit?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around understanding a heat sensor circuit, specifically focusing on the behavior of an npn transistor in relation to temperature changes, the role of a diode in the circuit, and the arrangement of resistors. Participants explore the implications of temperature dependence on various components and their interactions within the circuit.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that the β parameter of the npn transistor is temperature dependent, suggesting that increased temperature leads to increased collector current, which turns the LED ON.
  • Another participant questions the necessity of the diode for maintaining forward bias on the Base-Emitter junction, expressing confusion about its role in the circuit.
  • A different participant argues that it is not the β parameter that is temperature sensitive, but rather the base-emitter voltage, and raises concerns about the reference being a PN junction, which complicates the measurement of temperature.
  • One participant proposes that the circuit could function effectively as a differential thermometer, reacting to the temperature difference between the diode and the transistor.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the role of the diode and the temperature sensitivity of the circuit components. There is no consensus on the necessity of the diode or the implications of the β parameter versus the base-emitter voltage.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the complexity of measuring temperature in the circuit due to the interactions between the diode and the transistor, as well as the potential confusion regarding what temperature is being referenced.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for individuals interested in electronics, particularly those exploring sensor circuits, temperature dependence in semiconductor devices, and differential measurement techniques.

Raihan amin
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TL;DR
I am builiding a heat sensor circuit using this circuit model. But first I want to understand how this circuit is working.
Circuit link: https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/heat-sensor
What I understand is that the β parameter of the npn transistor is temperature dependent. Increasing the temperature increases the collector current and hence the LED turns ON. But I don't understand the resistor arrangement.Also I can see that the diode is keeping the Base-Emitter junction in forward bias. But why this is necessary? I believe the pot is supposed to maintain the sensitivity but how is it doing this?

Looking for some thoughtful explanation.
 
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The use of the diode seems counter-productive to me, since its ## V_f ## is temperature dependent as well, and would seem to counter the temperature effect that they are trying to use the transistor for...
 
Raihan amin said:
What I understand is that the β parameter of the npn transistor is temperature dependent.
It is not beta that is temperature sensitive, it is the base-emitter voltage.
I agree with @berkeman The reference is also a PN junction, namely the 1N4148, so it gets confusing as to what temperature is being measured, relative to what. Was it a failed attempt to build a bandgap reference?
 
That circuit would work fine if you consider it a differential thermometer.
It reacts to the temperature difference between the diode and transistor.

Cheers,
Tom
 

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