Understanding the Confusing Curl in R2 and R3: An Intuitive Explanation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the concepts of curl in vector fields, particularly in relation to Green's theorem and Stokes' theorem. It clarifies that curlF is perpendicular to the plane and points to a specific point in space, emphasizing the relationship between line integrals and double integrals of the curl. The confusion arises in R3, where curlF exists in multiple directions, and the need to dot it with the normal vector to measure flux is debated. A video resource is recommended for further visual understanding.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vector calculus concepts, specifically curl and divergence.
  • Familiarity with Green's theorem and Stokes' theorem.
  • Basic knowledge of line integrals and double integrals.
  • Ability to interpret vector fields in R2 and R3.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of Green's theorem to understand its connection to Stokes' theorem.
  • Watch the recommended video on curl and vector fields for visual clarification.
  • Explore practical applications of Stokes' theorem in physics and engineering.
  • Learn about the mathematical implications of curl in R3 and its geometric interpretations.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in mathematics, physics, and engineering who seek to deepen their understanding of vector calculus, particularly those grappling with the concepts of curl and theorems related to vector fields.

medwatt
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Hello,
Its been sometime since I touched calculus so some concepts seem to evade me. I understand all the related maths but can't seem to make an intuitive sense of the curl in this case.

Green's theorem relates the line integral of a closed curve to the double integral of the curl of the vector field in the k direction. Here curlF is already in the k direction. The intuitive way I understand this is curlF is perpendicular to the plane and points to a point in space. So the double integral is just integration of this these points over the domain. This integral is the same as the line integral over the boundary of the domain.

The thing is in R3 the curl of the vector field is in all directions. But according to Stoke's therem we should dot that with the vector normal to the plane. The thing is I'm confused why this should be so. It makes it look similar to the divergence theorem except that there there is no curl. So should curlF doted with the normal vector also measure some outward flow (flux) ?
 
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In Stokes' theorem, the flux through a surface S is exactly the same as the work through its boundary, i.e. the curve C.

It's hard to explain without being able to visually show it, so I will link you to this very good video that I think explains what you are asking about: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iaYNaENVH4#t=122
 
Question: Have you studied the standard derivation of Green's theorem? That is, have you derived Stokes' theorem and then shown the special case? This might illuminate it for you, somewhat; it did for me, in any case.
 

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