A US government-funded scientist has engineered a highly lethal strain of mousepox, a relative of smallpox, which is lethal to all mice, even those vaccinated or treated with antiviral drugs. This research aims to enhance understanding of potential bioweapons and improve response strategies against engineered viruses. The scientist's team introduced a gene for the immunosuppressant IL-4 into the mousepox virus, inadvertently increasing its lethality by disabling a critical immune response. Additionally, they have modified the cowpox virus similarly, with tests planned at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Concerns have been raised about the implications of this research, particularly regarding biosecurity and the potential for misuse by bioterrorists. A USDA report highlighted the need for stricter security measures at laboratories handling dangerous pathogens, citing vulnerabilities that could lead to unauthorized access or theft of high-risk agents. The discussion reflects a tension between the necessity of scientific research for preparedness and the risks associated with handling and disseminating sensitive information.